Abstract biography of Mozart

Borisova V. Irkutsk, G. The life of the brilliant Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is amazing and unusual. His bright, generous talent, constant creative burning gave completely amazing, one of a kind results. Mozart lived only 36 years. Despite the continuous concert activity that began at the age of six, he created a lot of works during this time. Mozart says about 50 symphonies, 19 operas, sonatas, quartets, quintets, requiem and other works of various genres.

Based on the achievements of Haydn in the field of sonata-symphonic music, Mozart made a lot of new, original. His operas are also of great artistic value. In the same way, in other genres, Mozart said his word, the word of musical genius. The striking talent of Mozart, his early death attracted the attention of not only the contemporaries of the composer. The great Pushkin wrote a small tragedy "Mozart and Salieri", and the composer Rimsky-Korsakov created an opera on this tragedy.

Nowadays, Mozart's music sounds in concerts, opera theaters, and on the radio. Mozart's works are required in the programs of music schools, conservatory, all -Union and international competitions. Books, articles are written about Mozart, trying to reveal the depth and beauty of his music, talk about his extraordinary talent, about his bright, interesting and at the same time complete work and upset of life.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in an old, beautiful mountainous city of Salzburg, located on the banks of the picturesque River Salts. Mozart's father was an educated and serious musician. He served at the court of the prince, the ruler of Salzburg. Leopold Mozart played the violin, organ, led the orchestra, church choir, wrote music. In addition, Mozart's father was an excellent teacher.

Having discovered his son’s talent, he immediately began to deal with him. This begins with this wonderful, similar to a fairy tale, Mozart's childhood. At three years old, Wolfgang already found consonating intervals on the harpsichord and rejoiced at their goodness. For four years he repeated behind the older sister Anna-Maria, also a gifted musician, small plays, instantly remembering them.

At four, Wolfgang is trying to compose a concert for the harpsichord! Possessing the natural fluidity of the fingers, which he continuously developed, by the age of six a small musician performed complex virtuoso works. Parents did not have to beg their son to sit down for the instrument. On the contrary, they persuaded him to stop classes so that he would not overdue.

During the same time, imperceptibly even for his father, the boy took possession of the game on the violin and organ. Father, his friends did not cease to be surprised at such an incredibly rapid development of the child. Leopold Mozart did not want Wolfgang’s life to be as difficult and monotonous as his own. Indeed, despite his many years of overwhelming work, the Mozart family led a modest way of life, often not even having funds to pay off debts.

He constrained and limited Leopold Mozart's capabilities his dependent position of the court musician. Therefore, so early the ripened talent of his son gives rise to hope to arrange his life differently-more interesting and secured. The father decides to take the boy with his talented sister on a concert journey. A six -year -old musician goes to win the world! The first concert journey.

The trip, which lasted three years, has turned into a truly triumphal procession. The concerts of little Mozart, where he performed with his sister Anna-Maria, invariably caused a storm of delight, surprise and admiration. Children were showered with gifts. The Wolfgang program amazed with its diversity and difficulty. Little virtuoso played on the harpsichord one and four hands with his sister.

He performed no less complex works on the violin and organ. Improvised at the same time composed and performed on a given melody, accompanied the singers unfamiliar to him. She occupied a noble audience and appearance of small virtuoso. The boy was small, thin, pale. Dressed in a heavy, gold -embroidered court costume, in a curl and fried wig, as a fashion required, he looked like a magic doll.

For the sake of fun, the listeners forced the child to play on the keys closed with a towel with a scarf, to perform difficult passages with one finger. The favorite entertainment of the public was a test of his subtle hearing. Wolfgang caught the difference between intervals in one eighth tone, determined the height of the sound taken on any instrument or sounding object.

All this was very tiring, especially since the concerts at that time lasted four to five hours. Despite this, his father tried to continue the education of his son. He introduced him to the best works of the musicians of that time, took him to concerts, to the opera, and was engaged in a composition with him. In Paris, Wolfgang wrote his first sonatas for a violin with a clavier, and in London - a symphony, the performance of which gave his concerts even greater glory.

Little virtuoso and composer finally conquered Europe.The famous, happy, but tired Mozart family returned to her native Salzburg. It was a year. But the long -awaited rest did not last long. Leopold Mozart wanted to consolidate the brilliant success of his son and began to prepare him for new performances. Strengthened classes of composition began, work on concert programs.

Along with this, Wolfgang was engaged in history, geography, drawing. Of great interest was arithmetic in the boy. With enthusiasm, he painted in numbers tables, chairs and walls of rooms! He carefully continued to study foreign languages ​​- French, English, Latin, Italian. The Italian language, necessary at that time for any composer, Mozart subsequently owned perfection.

Meanwhile, orders for new works were going on, and the small composer along with adults intensively composed music. So, the Vienna Opera Theater ordered him a comic opera "Assumed Nick", and he successfully coped with this new genre for himself and a complex genre. Rehearsals with artists of the theater foreshadowed success. But this first opera work of Mozart was not delivered on the Vienna stage, despite the persistent troubles of his father.

Wolfgang experienced his first failure. The envy and unwanted attitude of the musicians to their twelve -year -old rival began to be affected. For them, Wolfgang ceased to be a miracle craft and turned into a serious, already famous composer. The envious were afraid to fade in the rays of his glory. Father decided to bring Wolfgang to Italy. He was sure that, having conquered the Italians with his unusual talent, his son would gain a worthy place in life.

Mozarts, this time together, went to Italy, to the homeland of the opera.

A trip to Italy. For three years - father and son visited the largest cities of this country - Rome, Milan, Naples, Venice, Florence. The second time in his life, Wolfgang, now a fourteen -year -old musician, was experiencing a triumph. The concerts of the young Mozart took place with a brilliant, amazing success. The complexity and diversity of these performances was amazed. Again, he acted as a harpsichord virtuoso, especially amazed all the extraordinary mobility of his left hand and the accompanist, like a violinist and organist.

In addition, Mozart played on an organ in churches, monasteries, cathedrals. His concerts gathered such a huge number of listeners that they helped him to pave the road by force to the place of concerts. The performances were added to this as a conductor, the improviser singer. The concert program was often completely compiled from the works of the performer himself.

The Milan Opera Theater, the largest world theater, known for its glorified singers, ordered Mozart the opera "Mithridates, King Pontic." For six months, Wolfgang wrote this complex work, brilliantly dealing with his task. The opera went twenty times in a row with an unhappy success and led to a new explosion of admiration and surprise with a brilliant boy. Mozart received orders for the new opera Lucius Sulla and other works.

The Italians were struck by the fantastically thin hearing of Wolfgang, his ingenious memory. Being in Rome in the Sistine Chapel during the performance of the Misier -re -re -re -re -Italian composer of the 18th century Allegri, Mozart remembered it and, having come home, wrote it down. This work was considered the property of the church and was performed only twice a year.

It was forbidden to take out notes from the church or rewrite them under pain of severe punishment. But the church also retreated to the wonderful musician: after all, Mozart could not stand the notes and did not write them off, he only remembered! The election of Wolfgang in the members of the Bologna Academy was an even more extraordinary fact. His short classes with a famous Italian theoretician and composer Padra Martini led to amazing results.

In half an hour, a brilliant boy wrote a very difficult polyphonic composition. For the first time in the history of the Academy, her young composer became her member.