Great century biography

Latest news biography Suleiman I - the tenth of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire - endowed his state with unprecedented power. The great conqueror also became famous as a wise author of laws, the founder of new schools and the initiator of the construction of architectural masterpieces. According to some reports - in the year the Turkish Selim I and the daughter of the Crimean Khan Aisha Khafsa was born a son, who was destined to conquer half the world and transform his native country.

The future Sultan Suleiman I received a portrait of Suleiman I I received a brilliant education at that time at a palace school in Istanbul, his childhood and youth spent reading books and spiritual practices. From an early age, the young man was pricked in administrative affairs, appointing three provinces by the governor, including in the vassal Crimean Khanate.

Even before climbing the throne, young Suleiman won the love and respect of the inhabitants of the Ottoman state. The beginning of the reign of Suleiman took the throne when he was barely 26 years old. A description of the appearance of the new ruler, belonging to the feather of the Venetian ambassador Bartolomeo Contarini, entered the book of the English Lord Kinross, “The Flows and Decay of the Ottoman Empire” in Turkey: “Tall, strong, with a pleasant expression on the face.

His neck is slightly longer than usual, his face is thin, his nose is eagle. The skin tends to excessive pallor. They say about him that he is a wise lord, and all people hope for his good rule. ” And Suleiman at first justified hopes. Started from humane actions - he returned the freedom to hundreds of prisoners in a chain from noble families of states captured by his father.

This helped resume trade relations with countries. Sultan Suleiman I was especially happy about the innovations of the Europeans, hoping for a long -term world, but, as it turned out, early. A balanced and fair at first glance, the ruler of Turkey nevertheless carried the dream of military glory. Foreign policy by the end of the reign of Suleiman I had 13 major military campaigns, of which 10 conquering campaigns were in Europe.

And this is not counting small raids. The Ottoman Empire has never been so powerful: its lands stretched from Algeria to Iran, Egypt and almost to the threshold of Vienna. At that time, the phrase “Turks at the gate” became a terrible horror story for Europeans, and the Ottoman ruler was compared with the Antichrist. Sultan Suleiman during the third siege of Rhodes a year after climbing the throne Suleiman went to the borders of Hungary.

Under the pressure of the Turkish troops, the fortress of Shabats fell. Victories poured from a cornucopia - the Ottomans established control of the Red Sea, took Algeria, Tunisia and the island of Rhodes, conquered a Tabriz and Iraq. The Black Sea and the eastern part of the Mediterranean also took a place on the rapidly growing map of the empire. In the year, the Turkish ruler waved to Austria, storming its capital from thousands of soldiers.

However, the epidemic that claimed a third of the Ottoman army helped to survive Vienna. The siege had to be removed.

The territory of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman I only on Russian lands Suleiman did not eat seriously, considering Russia a deaf province, which is not worth effort and monetary expenses. The Ottomans occasionally raided the possessions of the Moscow state, the Crimean khan even reached the capital, but the large -scale campaign did not happen. By the end of the reign of the ambitious Lord, the Ottoman Empire turned into the greatest and strongest state in the history of the Muslim world.

However, military events exhausted the treasury-according to estimates, the maintenance of the army from thousands of military, which also included the slaves-Yanchars, ate two-thirds of the state state budget. The domestic policy Suleiman was not in vain a magnificent nickname: the life of the ruler is filled not only by military successes, the Sultan succeeded in the internal affairs of the state.

On his behalf, Judge Ibrahim from Aleppo updated the Code of Laws, which acted until the twentieth century. The application of injuries and the death penalty was reduced to a minimum, although the criminals caught on fake money and documents, bribe and perjury were still losing their right hand. The bas -relief of Suleiman I is a wise ruler of the state, where representatives of different religions were adjacent, considered it necessary to weaken the pressure of Sharia and made an attempt to create secular laws.

But part of the reforms did not take root due to constant wars. The education system changed for the better: elementary schools began to appear one after another, and graduates, if desired, continued to receive knowledge in colleges, which were located within eight main mosques. The coin of the time of Suleiman I, thanks to the Sultan, the architectural heritage was replenished by the masterpieces of art.

According to the sketches of the beloved architect of the ruler - Sinan was built by three gorgeous mosques - Selimiye, Shehzade and Suleimania The second largest in the capital of Turkey, which became an example of the Ottoman style. Suleiman was distinguished by poetic talent, so he did not ignore literary work. During his reign, Ottoman poetry with Persian traditions was polished to perfection.Then a new position appeared - a rhythmic chronicle, it was occupied by poets who put on current events in the poems.

Suleiman I personal life, in addition to poetry, was fond of jewelry, he was known as a skilled blacksmith and even personally cast guns for military campaigns. How many women were in the harem of the Sultan is unknown. Historians only know about official favorites who gave birth to Suleiman children. In the year, the first concubine of the summer heir to the throne became Fulan.

Her son Mahmud died of smallpox, not even surviving up to 10 years. The girl disappeared from the advance of the palace life almost immediately after the death of the child. Suleiman I and women from his harem Gulfem-Khatun, the second concubine, also presented the ruler of her son, whom the smallpox epidemic also did not spare. The woman, excommunicated from the Sultan, remained his friend and adviser for half a century.

In the year, Gulfem was strangled by order of Suleiman. The third favorite-Makhidevran-Sultan approached the acquisition of the status of the official’s official wife. For 20 years, she had a great influence in the harem and in the palace, but she also failed to create a legal family with the Sultan. She left the capital of the empire with her son Mustafa, who was appointed the governor of one of the provinces.

Later, the heir to the throne was executed for allegedly going to overthrow his father. The favorite of the Slavic roots, Roxolan, a captive from Galicia, as she was called in Europe, fascinated the ruler: the Sultan gave her freedom, and then took it to legal wives - religious marriage concluded in the year. The nickname of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska “laughing” Roksolana received for cheerful disposition and smiling.

The creator of the harem in the Topkapi palace, the founder of charitable organizations inspired artists and writers, although she was not distinguished by an ideal appearance - subjects appreciated the mind and everyday cunning. Sultan Selim, the son of Sultan Suleiman I Roxolan skillfully manipulated her husband, at her pointer Sultan got rid of his sons born of other wives, became suspicious and cruel.

Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska gave birth to a daughter of Mihrims and five sons. Of these, after the death of his father, the state was headed by Selim, who, however, was not distinguished by the outstanding talent of the autocrat, loved to drink and take a walk. During the reign of Selim, the Ottoman Empire began to fade. Suleiman's love for Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska did not fade over the years, after the death of his wife, the Turkish ruler did not go down the aisle.

The death of the Sultan, who knelt powerful states, died, as he himself wanted, in the war. This happened during the siege of the Hungarian fortress of the Sigetavr. The grave of Suleiman I, he died on the morning of September 6, never survived a couple of hours until the decisive assault on the fortress. The doctors who treated the ruler were immediately killed so that the information about death would not reach the army, which in the heat of disappointment could raise an uprising.

Only after the heir to the throne Selim established power in Istanbul, did the soldiers learn about the death of the Lord. According to legend, Suleiman felt an approaching end and voiced the last will to the commander in chief. The request with the philosophical meaning is known to everyone today: the Sultan asked not to close his hands on the funeral procession - everyone should see that the accumulated wealth remains in this world, and even Suleiman is a magnificent, great lord of the Ottoman Empire, leaves empty -handed.

The Suleimania Mosque with the death of the Turkish ruler is connected by another legend. Allegedly, the body was embalmed, and the extracted internal organs were placed in a vessel of gold and buried in the place of his death. Now the mausoleum and mosque rise there. The remains of Suleiman rest in the cemetery of Suleimania, built by him, near the Roxolana mausoleum.

The memory of the life of Suleiman I tell several feature and documentary films. The series “The Great Century” that saw the light of the year was a bright adaptation of harem intrigues. The Ottoman ruler is Halit Ergench, whose charisma is felt even from the photo. Hulit Ergench in the role of Suleiman I in the series “The Great Century”, the image created by the actor is recognized as the best embodiment of the Sultan power in cinema.

The concubine and wife of the ruler plays Merry Uzerli, the actress with the German-Turkish roots also managed to convey the main features of Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska-spontaneity and sincerity. The books “Suleiman is magnificent. The greatest Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Lamb "Suleiman. The Sultan of the East ”, Lamb“ Sultan Suleiman and Roxolan. Eternal love in letters, verses, documents series of books “The Great Century”, N.

Pavlishchev “The magnificent age of Suleiman and Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska-Sultan”, P. Parker “The greatness and collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Nazaruk “harem”, B. Small “The flowering and decline of the Ottoman Empire”, L. Kinross films.