Saransk Biography of the city

Assessment of the effectiveness of municipal management History General movement of architectural thought and urban planning of Russia last quarter of the 18th century also affected Saransk. Until that time, the city was built up along a mixed radial-straight mesh of the quarters. The streets were crooked. During the general land surveying, a new plan for the development of Saransk, approved in the year Empress Catherine II, was drawn up.

Capital landowners Nikolai Ukhov and Grigory Bazhenov worked on the shooting of the city and the development of a new plan. The authors who made up a new development plan of the city had great experience in urban planning of that time. They boldly hid the streets, regardless of the former Slobodic development. The direction of the main highways was given from south to north.

The city took a rectangular net of streets with quarters from 2 to 3 acres. The authors successfully inscribed in the new layout of the existing areas on which stone churches were built.

Bazarny street is now Sovetskaya, passing along the edge of the upper terrace of the city, as if divided it into two parts and was the embankment of the left high bank of the Saranka River. Having chosen a convenient place for descent on the lower terrace in the area of ​​the Cathedral Mountain, the authors planned the central cathedral square now Sovetskaya, which is well visible from the right lower bank of the locomotive, planned at one of the most elevated and beautiful places of the upper terrace.

The clarity of the rectangular net of streets chosen by this plan played a historical role in the subsequent development of the city. Despite the devastating fires of Saransk in the 19th century, with new buildings, a rectangular grid of streets was invariably preserved. The chosen grid of the streets successfully used the terrain, did not require large earthen planning work to build special drainage structures and provided a natural rainwater drain into the Insara River and to the Saranka River.

The development according to the new plan was associated with great difficulties, I had to transfer houses and outbuildings. Some of the inhabitants resisted. But the local authorities demanded the implementation of the plan, taking a little considered with the costs and need of the townspeople. In the first quarter of the 19th century, Saransk was significantly updated. According to the year, more than 9 thousand people in houses lived in it.

In the center of the city and on some streets, stone buildings rose: 17 churches, house of public places, the corps of the disabled team, a wine store, 4 buildings at the monastery, 17 stone private houses and 6 stone boards for police officers, and all stone buildings in the city had up to fifty. There were many large wooden mansions belonging to nobles and merchants.

The view of Saransk from the south, from the Saratov-Moskovsky tract, was a characteristic picture of the city ensemble with sharp-hearted chapters of churches, high white bells and massive merchant houses of old-fashioned architecture. In the western part near the city on the hill there was a forest massif, on the eastern side the city was bordered by a laid floodplain of the Insara River with thickets of bird cherry, viburnum, and blackberry.

The now grown -up Insara river was quite a lot of water at that time. In economic notes to the Saransk plan for general land surveying - 89. Fish is caught in the Inzar River: pikes, perch, catfish, bream, pike perch, carp, carp, apple, roach, guts and piscars, and in the lakes - crucian carp, burbots among the new capitals and regional centers took the appropriate place and Saransk.

When considering the district and district division of the Middle Volga region, the Mordovian district with a center in the city of Saransk was approved in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on July 16. Since the summer of the year, the rhythm of Life of Saransk began to revive markedly, the improvement of the streets improved, restoration work in industry was completed, the buildings were unused were repaired and settled; Employees sent from Moscow and former provincial cities introduced a scale into the public life of the new district center, and the habit of a large city in the life of the local population.

A significant scope of industrial construction in Saransk was observed since the year. At the Tikhvinsky pasture, north of the old buildings, new large industrial enterprises were laid - a canning plant, a horse factory, and next to them there was a construction of a Saransk thermal power center. In the southern part of the city, on the site of the old brick factory disassembled during the economic devastation of the old brick factory, the construction of a new mechanized enterprise with an annual capacity of three million pieces of red brick was completed.

Inside the city there was the construction of large buildings: post office, hotels, print houses, residential buildings. On the streets of Saransk, the movement of vehicles and equestrian vehicles with brick, sand, timber fordrew. In the city, the first major detachments of workers-builders were formed. In years, the first asphalt sidewalks appeared in Saransk, the first buses, the railway station was expanded, and the construction of the new station was completed in the year.New four- and three-story residential buildings, a place of place, a central post office, a new building of the central library appeared in the city.

In the year, the construction of a monumental six -story building of the House of Soviets was completed. The city dumped the county appearance and acquired the form of a developed center, in which industrial enterprises and institutions of young socialist culture of the Mordovian people were concentrated. Since the census of the year, the population of Saransk has increased by more than three times.

There were 41 thousand people. On January 15, the population of the city became after the last census continues to increase due to its natural growth, newly arriving workers and employees, as well as compounds with the city of rural settlements. Now about thousands of inhabitants live in Saransk. In the current decade, the population of the city will grow to thousand. Last decade, a large construction base was created in Saransk, this time in the city was only a small brick head of bricks in the season.

Now Saransk is a brick factory operating all year round and has production power in millions of bricks. From the brick produced in the year of brick, a brick factory can be built, one can build a hundred four -story houses, i.e., five enterprises producing reinforced concrete structures have been created in the city, two asphalt plants, a dozen sawmills are operating.

Until the fifties in Saransk there were no large construction bodies. In terms of industrial development, Saransk is now among the most intensively developing cities of the Russian Federation. This is determined by an urgent need to overcome the unexplored economic lag of Mordovia and favorable conditions for industrial development. In order to create a scientific base of technological progress, two major research institutes were organized in Saransk.

The Research Institute of Light Sources of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for automation and engineering, created in Saransk at the end of the year, is the first institution of this profile in the country. With intensively developing electrical lamps and lighting industries, the Research Institute of Light Sources acquires great opportunities for creative growth.

Already now, employees are fruitfully working in this institute, and as they develop, they will be up to a person. The institute will have 22 research laboratories, the mechanization department, and the great experimental arbitrariness of the Museum of domestic and foreign light sources. This latest branch of knowledge will cause many scientific work of dissertations, important discoveries.

The creation in Saransk of a large center of lighting science and the development of industry production of this profile opens up new pain for the cultural growth of the city. At the beginning of the year, in Saransk, at the Electro Elector plant, a special design bureau for the development of rectifier and silicon valves was organized. In the year, the Mordovian Research Electrotechnical Institute was organized on the basis of this SLE, in which employees are now working, and by the year they should become a person.

The Mordovian Electrotechnical Institute has a VAZ problem of technological progress - the introduction of power -wires in the industry. For the successful development of the activities of the Electrotechnical Institute, it is envisaged to build a whole town of new buildings, where experimental production will be organized, scientific laboratories and cabinets are opened.

The activities of the Research Institute of the Mordovian Council of Mordinarry will fruitfully affect the development of industry with the use of semiconductors not only in Mordovia, but also beyond its borders. In the second half of the x, new large factories began to operate in Saransk: electrical lamp, cable, carbon firing, instrument -building, excavator and others.

New enterprises of local importance were put into effect: brewerous, dairy, bread factories, furniture, pasta factories and others. Energy has increased significantly and allowed to develop the industry of the city and the surrounding areas at a growing pace. The electrification of the railway traffic on the Moscow -Irkutsk highway, passing through the Saransk district, opens up new opportunities at least the industrial development of the city.

In the year, the Saratov gas pipeline approached Saransk - Gorky. From the year, great work on the gasification of the city has unfolded. Saratov gas will be used both for improvement and for the development of the chemical industry of Saransk. The city is already being built in the city - one of the largest enterprises in the modern chemical industry. The cost of annual industrial products of the Saransky rubber plant will be measured by hundreds of millions of rubles.

In the near future, an artificial fiber and a Silkotsk plant will be laid in Saransk.Within the city, a group of new lighting plants, a plant of thermal insulation materials, a expanded plant, a reinforced concrete structures factory are built. The electric rectifier plant, the hemp plant and others expand. The city has launched a large construction of art, culture and healthcare institutions.

At the beginning of the year, the building of the art gallery was rebuilt, and the construction of the monumental building of the musical and drama theater was completed in the year. Buildings for four secondary schools, two secondary schools and a boarding school are built for musical and dedicated children of Mordovian nationality, a new building of the cooperative college, a new hostel building for students of the university, buildings of new city and children's hospitals, a building for kindergartens and nurseries are built.

The city development territory has expanded more than four times from the year - from hectares to the length of the streets has increased almost four times and is now kilometers. The construction of new buildings of factories, multi -storey residential buildings, schools, and institutions significantly changed the overall view of Saransk, gave it the features of a large city, and the expansion of the territory of the development caused the unit of the outskirts with the adjacent forests on the eastern and western sides.

Entire streets appeared in the city, built up with stone houses. Large and beautiful buildings are designed by city squares: Sovetskaya, Privokzalnaya and Theater. On Sovetskaya Square, a magnificent monument to V. Lenin was built, a high-altitude monument in the memory of the three heroes-strutonauts, one of whom, silt, will be erected on the forecourt. Uskin, lived in Saransk.

Many streets of the city were covered with asphalt. The length of the streets having a solid coating is now 67 kilometers, of which 36 kilometers paved. The length of asphalt sidewalks is 59 kilometers. On the site of the former lower market of the city, a beautiful park of culture and rest named after A. Pushkin with numerous pavilions and attractions, with shady greenery and fountains, with large flower farms, with beautiful entrances and a monumental metal hedge, is grown.

The area of ​​this park is 14 hectares. A lot of efforts in creating the park were made by its director Y. Avdoshkin, who has been working in this position for more than years.