Biography about llama

The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetans. He was born on July 6 in a peasant family in a small settlement of Takzer in the province of AMDO in the northeast of Tibet. At the two years of age, the child, who at that time was named Lhamo Dhondup, was recognized as the embodiment of the previous thirteenth Dalai Lama, Thupten Giazo. The followers of Tibetan Buddhism revere Dalai-Lam as the embodiment of Avalokiteshvara or Chenrezig, Bodhisattva of compassion and patron of Tibet.

Bodhisattva is a creature who has devoted himself to the achievement of the highest goal of spiritual searches, awakening, in the name of the happiness and prosperity of all living beings and made an oath to reborn again and again in order to help them. Education in Tibet, his Holiness began to study in a monastery at the age of six. The curriculum, dating back to the tradition of the Naland University monastery, consisted of five main and five additional items.

Among the main disciplines were logic, visual arts, Sanskrit grammar and medicine, but the main emphasis was on Buddhist philosophy, which in turn included five sections: prajnyaparamite perfect wisdom; Madhyamaka, philosophy of the middle path; Vinya, a set of rules of monastic discipline; Abhidharma, metaphysics; And Praman, the logic and theory of knowledge. Among the five additional objects were poetry, dramatic art, astrology, writing works and the study of synonyms.

In the year, at the age of 23, his Holiness kept final exams in Lhasa in the Jokhang Temple during the great prayer collection of the monlales of Chenemo. Having passed the exams with honors, he received the degree of Geshe-Lharampa, the highest degree in Buddhist philosophy. State duties in the year, after the beginning of the Chinese invasion of Tibet, the Tibetans asked his Holiness to assume political power in the country.

In the year, he went to Beijing, where he met with Mao Zedong and other Chinese leaders, including Dan Xiaopin and Zhou Enlai. Finally, in the year, after the brutal suppression of the Chinese troops of the uprising in Lhasa, his Holiness was forced to escape from Tibet. Since then, he has been living in Dharamsal in the north of India. In the early years of exile, the Central Tibetan administration, led by his Holiness, raised the Tibetan question to the UN.

The UN General Assembly adopted three resolutions on Tibet in, and years. The process of democratization in the year his Holiness made the project of the Democratic Constitution of Tibet, and then carried out a number of reforms on the democratization of the Central Tibetan administration. The new constitution was called the "Charter of Tibetans in exile." The Charter consolidates freedom of speech, religion, meetings, movement and choice of place of residence.

It also regulates in detail the activities of the Central Tibetan administration in exile. In the year, the Central Tibetan administration published a plan for the adoption of the Constitution of the future free Tibet. In accordance with it, in free Tibet, it is first of all that it is necessary to establish the Provisional Government, whose primary task will be to election the constitutional assembly to work on the project and adoption of a new democratic constitution of the country.

His Holiness expressed the hope that the future Tibet would unite three historical provinces-U-Tsang, Ampo and Kam-and will become a democratic federal state. In May, thanks to the reforms of his Holiness, the Tibetan administration in exile became completely democratic. The Tibetan Cabinet of Ministers Kashag, whose members were appointed by his Holiness, was dissolved, like the tenth Assembly of the Tibetan People’s Deputies of the Tibetan parliament in exile.

In the same year, the Tibetans living in the exile in India and more than 33 countries of the world elected 46 deputies of the expanded eleventh assembly by direct voting. The Assembly, in turn, appointed new members of the Cabinet of Ministers. In September, the next step was taken towards democratization: the Tibetans directly elected Calon-release, chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers.

Calon-trip appointed his own office, which was then approved by the Tibetan parliament. For the first time in the long history of Tibet, people themselves elected their political leaders. After the direct elections of Kalon-trips, the custom, according to which the Dalai Lama through Gaden Prandrang carried out both secular and spiritual power in Tibet, ceased to exist.

In the year, completely transferring state powers to the hands of the elected leadership, his Holiness retired from political affairs. The peaceful initiatives on September 21, turning to the members of the US Congress in Washington, his Holiness proposed a “peace plan of five points”, designed to become the first step towards the peaceful settlement of all the worsening situation in Tibet.

Five points were as follows: the transformation of all Tibet into the zone of the world. China’s refusal of the policy of moving the population, threatening the very existence of Tibetans as a nation. Respect for the basic rights of man and democratic freedoms for the Tibetan people.The restoration and protection of the natural environment and the refusal of China to use Tibet for the production of nuclear weapons and as a landfill of nuclear waste.

Conducting open negotiations on the future status of Tibet and the connections between the Tibetan and Chinese peoples. He proposed to begin negotiations between the Tibetan and Chinese sides in order to establish democratic self -government bodies in three Tibetan provinces. The institution of such local authorities complies with the principles on which the People’s Republic is built, and the China government will continue to control the international and military policy of Tibet.

The worldwide recognition of his Holiness Dalai Lama is a messenger of the world. In the year, he became the Laureate of the Nobel Prize of the World for the non -violent struggle for the liberation of Tibet. He is a constant supporter of the policy of non -violence even in the face of extreme cruelty. He also became the first person to be awarded the Nobel Prize of the World for the efforts to protect the environment.

His Holiness visited more than 67 countries of the world on six continents. He received more awards, honorary doctoral degrees, bonuses and other insignia, noting his work to promote peace, non -violence, inter -religious understanding, global responsibility and compassion. He is also the author and co -author of more than a hundred books. His Holiness conducts discussions with the heads of various religions and takes part in many conferences aimed at promoting inter -religious harmony and understanding.

In the middle of the 10ths of the last century, his Holiness began a dialogue with modern scientists, mainly in the fields of psychology, neurobiology, quantum physics and cosmology. As a result of this dialogue, fateful cooperation between Buddhist monks and world -famous scientists began; Their goal is to help people find peace. In addition, in the curricula of Tibetan monasteries-universities, established in exile, introduced the teaching of natural sciences.

The abandonment of political powers on March 14, his Holiness sent a letter to the Assembly of the Tibetan People’s Deputies of the Tibetan parliament in exile, asking him to remove all state powers from him, because according to the "Charter of the Tibetans in exile" he formally remained the head of state. His Holiness announced that he was ceasing to the tradition by which the Dalai Lama was endowed with spiritual and secular power in Tibet.

He explained that he wanted to devote himself only to spiritual classes, as the first four Dalai Lams did. His Holiness confirmed that the democratically elected leadership is now completely in response for the state affairs of Tibet. Gaden Pokhrang from this moment will perform only the functions of the official office and management of Dalai-Lama affairs. With this act, he officially completed the summer tradition according to which the Dalai Lams were the spiritual and secular leaders of Tibet.

The future in the year his Holiness definitely stated that the question of whether or not a new embodiment of the Dalai Lama would or not will be decided by the Tibetans, the Mongolian peoples and the inhabitants of the Gimalayan region. However, in the absence of clear recommendations, it was impossible to exclude the danger that if the Dalai-Lama line is decided to continue, some interested parties can use this to their political benefit.

Therefore, on September 24, a clear guide was published on the search and recognition of the embodiment of the next Dalai Lama, which left no place for doubt and inventions. His Holiness announced that at the age of about 90, he would hold a council with the senior lamas of Tibetan Buddhist traditions, the Tibetan people and other interested people from among the followers of Tibetan Buddhism to re-evaluate whether the Dalai-Lama Institute should be preserved or not.

The leadership also sets out various ways to recognize his successor. If a decision is made on the need to recognize the fifteenth Dalai Lama, the responsibility for its search should mainly lie to the employees of the Dalai Lama Foundation Gaden Pucrusrang. They should hold consultations with the heads of various Buddhist traditions of Tibet and reliable, which took over the vows of the defenders of the dharma, inseparably associated with the Dalai Lam line.

They must listen to the advice and instructions of the above -mentioned persons and conduct search expeditions and recognition of a new incarnation according to their instructions. His Holiness said that he would leave clear written instructions on this subject. He also warned that in addition to the reincarnation recognized through such legitimate methods, no other candidate, chosen for political reasons, could be recognized and recognized, including in the Chinese People’s Republic.

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