Biography of Alferov

Alfierov Zhores his father Ivan Karpovich Alfierov, a peasant from the Belarusian town of Chashniki, worked as a port loader. He fought on the fronts of the First World War and rose to the rank of hussar non-commissioned officer, and in the year he joined the Bolsheviks. As a representative of the regimental committee, he took part in the II Congress of Soviets, at which V.

Lenin proclaimed the famous decrees about peace and land. During the Civil War, Alferov Sr. fought against Generals Kaledin, Krasnov, Denikin, rose to the post of commander of the cavalry regiment. Ivan Alferov met his wife in E GG. His chosen one Anna Vladimirovna Rosenblum did not find understanding with her orthodox Jewish family - in fact, a dashing red commander was forced to steal his bride.

The future Nobel laureate received his unusual name in honor of the French socialist Jean Zhores. The family moved after the new purposes in the service of Ivan Karpovich, who, after going to the reserve, worked as the director of various plants of cellulose and woodworking industry. The main role in the origin of his interest in science was played by physicists - B.

Budantsev from Turinsk and J. Melderson from Minsk. In the year, the young man graduated from high school with a gold medal and, on the advice of Melderson, who saw an outstanding talent in it, entered the energy faculty of the Belarusian Polytechnic Institute. The education of Zhores Alferova graduated from the first year in Minsk, Zhores Alfierov moved to Leningrad after the new appointment of his father and transferred to the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of LETI to the faculty of electronic equipment.

There he immediately joined his studies, but also in student life: as part of a construction detachment, he took part in the construction of the Krasnoborskaya hydroelectric power station in the Leningrad Region. But the main application of efforts was science. Alfierov headed the student scientific society of the faculty, worked in the vacuum laboratory of Professor B. Kozyrev, under the leadership of N.

Zazina conducted his first scientific studies. The theme of his work was film -wire elements. In the year, Zhores with a red diploma graduated from the Institute with a degree in Electrovacious Technique.

As an excellent student, he was given a referral to the Leningrad Physics and Technical Institute of the LFI to prepare a candidate dissertation and participation in the development of the first Soviet transistors. This employment has become a turning point in Alferov’s biography. The scientific activity of Zhores Alferov in the beginning of the xg. Alferov got a job in the laboratory of V.

Tuchkevich, who worked on obtaining pure Germany single -zeroles and the creation of diodes and triodes based on them. In solving specific problems, there was the formation of Alferov as a scientist: very quickly he became a first -class specialist in quantum physics of semiconductors. For several years, the LFTI group, which included Alfierov, created silicon solar panels, germanium power rectifiers, transistors at the level of the best world samples.

Based on the studies of the year, Alfierov defended his thesis dedicated to Germany and silicon powerful rectifiers. Already at the end of the year. Ustinov with a request to take part in the development of semiconductor technologies for Soviet atomic submarines. The task was fulfilled in the shortest possible time, and in the year for the introduction of the German germanium valves in the underwater fleet, the young physicist received the first government award - the Order of the Pension Sign.

In the beginning of the x. The action of the semiconductors was based on the unique properties of the positive-compulsory transition of the p-n transition. On one part of the monocristal, the charge carriers were negatively charged electrons, on the other, positively charged quasigrapists, or “holes”. Thanks to this, it was possible to inject electrons and “holes”. The progress of the semiconductors walked along the properties of the devices: Germany was replaced by silicon, the methods of forming p-n transitions were improved, the use of gall arsenide began, etc.

Based on the combinations of diodes and transistors, integral schemes appeared on one substrate, which reduced the sizes of computing devices hundreds times. However, the entire electronics architecture was based on a homogeneous semiconductor, which in the practical work of many devices created a lot of problems - high threshold currents, generation only at low temperatures, and large electrical losses.

Zhores Alfierov proposed a fundamentally different scheme - the hetero transitions. Before him, numerous attempts to carry out such an interaction between the semiconductors turned out to be unsuccessful. Scientific adviser V. Tuchkevich dissuaded Alferov from heterostructures, but he took up the "hopeless business". As a result of numerous experiments and theoretical calculations, it was possible to create a resigned-composed system for Arsenide Gaul.

Thus, in March of the year, an effective diagram of the heterine transitions was found - a month earlier than the Americans in IBM did.At the same time, the heterostructures implemented by the Alferov group had advantages in all basic positions over American analogues. In the year, Alferov first visited a foreign business trip. He visited London, examined the famous physical laboratories and was surprised that with such excellent conditions, the English colleagues did not even think about the possibility of creating a gaiter transitions.

In - gg. The simultaneous opening of an optical fiber with small losses led to the rapid development of fiber -optic communication systems. Already in the year, the heterostructures opened by Alferov have found use as solar panels on space satellites and stations. In the year, the scientist became a doctor of science, in the year - an academician. C to gg.

Unfortunately, many achievements of domestic physicists have been further developed before in the West. Alfierov’s achievements were no exception. Studies of super -maximum, quantum pits, in general, physicists of low -sized electronic systems made it possible to create those modern technologies that change the world themselves. In subsequent years, studies of nanostructures were in the scientific sphere of interests of Alferov.

Stagnation and collapse of the Soviet state in –e. Lack of funding, re -profiling from fundamental problems to momentary, massive refusal of youth from the "unpromising" profession of a scientist - all these problems of the organization of science Zhores Ivanovich were deeply worried. Since the time of perestroika, he took an active part in the political life of the country.

He was repeatedly elected a deputy of the State Duma. Awarding in the year the famous Academician of the Nobel Prize caused a surge in enthusiasm in society and interest in his person: Alfierov became the first Russian laureate after the collapse of the USSR. Alfierov did not hide his positive attitude to socialism and the achievements of the Soviet regime, believed that the fall of the socialist camp negatively affected the lives of hundreds of millions of workers around the world.

The scientist repeatedly pursued mercilessly criticism of a government policy in relation to academic science, wrote about "power without brains." The family and personal life of Zhores Alferova is the first marriage of Zhores Alferov, concluded by young scientists in the early xg. His apartment was with his wife, Alfierov himself moved to the cot in the basement of the institute.

The scientist did not like to recall the first wife and the mother -in -law, who arranged a scandal at the party committee, did not maintain relations with his former wife and daughter Olga. The second marriage was not an example more successful. In May, on vacation on the Black Sea, Zhores Alfierov met an employee of the Academician Space Bureau V. Glushko Tamara Georgievna Darskaya, and six months later the couple officially formalized relations.

In the year, a son Ivan, now a businessman, was born in the family. In addition, Alfierov brought up the adopted daughter of Irina from his wife's first marriage. The scientist loved sport all his life: in his youth he was fond of skating sports and swimming, in the elderly he regularly took hiking and swims in the pool. In addition, he was a passionate football and hockey fan.

The death and funeral of Zhores Alfierov Zhores Alferov retained an active lifestyle until old age. He took an active part in public and scientific life, in numerous meetings and conferences, constantly gave interviews. It seemed that things were recovering, but on March 1, the academician died at the age of 88. The cause of death was acute heart-and-healing deficiency.

Despite the snowy and frosty weather, many people came to pay the last tribute. They buried the great scientist in the cemetery of the village of Komarovo. The contribution of Zhores Alferov to science to the research activity of Alfierov covered the area of ​​semiconductor and quantum electronics. The most important achievement in science was the opening of heterostructures, which contributed to the rapid development of the computer industry, mobile communications, laser technologies, and generating solar energy.

In addition to outstanding scientific achievements, Alfierov is known as an excellent teacher and organizer of science. He collaborated with school teachers, organized special programs to attract the most talented students to physics. In the year, thanks to the efforts of the scientist at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, the Faculty of Physics and Technology was opened.

The awards and prizes of Zhores Alferova Scientific achievements of Zhores Ivanovich Alferov are awarded with numerous awards, prizes, and honorary titles. He is the gentleman of the Soviet orders of Lenin, the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, the full cavalier of the high Russian order "For Merit to the Fatherland", the cavalier of the Order of Alexander Nevsky, many foreign awards, including the Order of the Herry of the Legion.

In the year, the scientist was awarded the Lenin Prize, in and GG. Among other prestigious scientific awards received by Alferov, it is worth calling the Ballantinin medal, Hugullet-Pakardi Prize, the Demidov Prize, and the Kyoto Prize.