Tenishev biography

The photo is Maria Tenisheva - the biography of Maria Tenisheva is a Russian woman with an amazing fate, who made a lot to preserve and revive Russian national art, part of her life lived abroad. Childhood Maria Klavdievna, nee Pyatkovskaya, according to his stepfather - Maria Moritsovna von Desen, came from a noble family, but was illegitimate. The girl was born on June 1.

Mother could not forgive the daughter of her unwanted appearance. The father’s family did not recognize her either. This was reflected in her whole life. As a child, she did not need anything, received her home education, but was very lonely. Since the year, Maria Tenisheva has been studying in one of the best educational institutions of St. Petersburg. This is a private gymnasium for women Maria Spasneva.

At first, the girl did not study, constantly naughty, but then was carried away by the natural sciences, Russian history, and foreign languages. Maria Tenisheva in childhood when Maria graduated from a gymnasium in the year, her parents immediately married her to Rafail Nikolaevich Nikolaev. A year later, a girl was born in the family, also Maria, but marriage was unsuccessful: the couple did not fit each other.

Gradually, life together becomes impossible. In the year, having sold part of the furniture, Maria Klavdievna, taking her daughter, secretly leaves through Crimea to France. She settles in Paris, dreaming of becoming a professional singer. She visits Matilda Merkezi’s vocal school, studies Italian, takes drawing lessons from the artist Gabriel Gilbert. The life of a noblewoman cultural life in Paris is in full swing, and a young woman gets acquainted with famous Russian cultural figures - Maria Savina, Anton Rubinstein, Ivan Turgenev.

Konstantin Makovsky writes her first portrait. But not everything is as good as it seems. Material problems begin, family troubles continue. She comes to Russia, but it is not possible to settle them. The husband takes her daughter from her. Trying to settle family affairs, she lives in Russia or returns to Paris to continue vocal education. In the year, having returned to Petersburg finally, Maria Klavdievna divorces her husband.

She does not manage to leave her daughter at home, and the girl is placed in a closed boarding house. Maria Rafailovna did not forgive her parents that they sent her to this “boarding” institution. The noblewoman Maria Tenisheva, she tries herself on stage, performing arias and romances, performs in concerts. However, she did not succeed in becoming a professional singer.

Soon after an unsuccessful listening to the Mamontov Opera, she leaves for the province. Even in childhood and youth, the girls crossed several times. They turned out to be close interests and similar tastes. One and the other have unsuccessful marriage. Since the year, they did not just become friends. They became a support for each other, like -minded people. They were brought closer not only by general failures, but the unity of interests, hopes, ideas and aspirations.

There, in Talashkino, they opened the first school for children from peasant families. In the year in Moscow, where Tenisheva went to Moscow to study opera art from Fedor Komissarzhevsky, in the same place she met Konstantin Stanislavsky and played in his charity performance. A little later, already in St. Petersburg, where she moved to continue self -education in the field of painting in one of the music salons, Maria Klavdievna met Prince Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Tenishev, one of the largest Russian industrialists of that time.

On his initiative and at his expense in St. Petersburg, the first car factory in Russia was built. He was the initiator of electromechanical production in our country. Surprisingly, next door to Talashkino were the lands of the prince, where he came to hunt. Despite the difference in age, he is 22 years older than the kinship of souls and the similarity of interests led to the fact that after the divorce of Tenishev with the first wife and the divorce of Maria Klavdievna, they got married in the year.

From this moment, the new life of Maria Klavdievna begins, now Tenisheva - a life filled to the edges for the benefit of Russia aimed at preserving and reviving Russian applied art, to help artists and musicians, writers and actors, the opening of folk schools and special schools, and the creation of museum collections. Military science and educational activity may be familiar with the first people's school Maria Klavdievna organized in Talashkino.

After the wedding, the couple settled on the Khotylevo estate, not far from the Bezhitsky factory in the Oryol province. A class school for peasants was founded in the estate of Tenisheva, and nearby in the Bezhitsky factory the first graduates left it in the year, as well as a dining room and a club for factory workers. In the same years, it was opened by a craft school at the Bryansk rail -rolling plant, several public schools were created in St.

Petersburg and in Smolensk. She herself studied drawing and painting and paid a lot of attention to organizing drawing schools to teach gifted children from the people and the creation of courses necessary to train drawing teachers.Ilya Repin writes a portrait of Maria Tenisheva for a year in the Tenishevs house on the English embankment in the princess’s workshop, a studio was opened in which young people were preparing to enter the Academy of Arts.

Initially, the school was led by Ilya Repin. Over the years, I worked, open to Tenisheva, an elementary drawing school in Smolensk. They prepared drawing teachers in the famous Tenishevsky school in St. Petersburg. Her passion and sincere love was Russian antiquity. Its main concentration was Talashkino. In the year, the Tenishevs acquired Talashkino from Princess Ekaterina Konstantinovna Svyatopolk-Churdinskaya, although the management of affairs remained in the hands of the princess.

Both women will not part with each other to the death of Maria Klavdievna. The three of the Tenishevs and the Svyatopol-Faculty jointly converted in it the concept of the “ideological estate”-the Center for the Renaissance of Traditional Russian Culture, Enlightenment and Development of Agriculture. Not far from Talashkin, an agricultural school was opened at the Flenovo farm acquired by the spouses with teaching the advanced achievements of agrarian science of that time.

Excellent teachers and the richest library allowed students to receive the first -class agrotechnical education. At the school, workshops of artisanal and ancient crafts were organized, the best artists of Russia offered their drawings for painting manufactured products, which were sold in a store specially open for them in Moscow. School graduates could engage in very diverse activities- from industrial horse breeding to industrial beekeeping.

The estate was operated by the previously created people's school, workshops of folk crafts worked, there was its own orchestra of folk instruments. There was even its own theater. Princess Tenisheva collected by the Shadowish collection of objects of Russian antiquity made an indelible impression on the exhibition she had arranged in Paris. This collection served as the basis for the creation of the Russian Old Man in Smolensk.

Later in the year, Maria Klavdievna gave the gift to Smolensk ethnographic materials and objects of Russian decorative and applied art, which allowed to open in Russia a museum of ethnography of decorative and applied art. Nothing goes without changes: in the year Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Tenishev died. Then the Russian-Japanese war and revolutionary events began-years. The fact that it began so joyfully and successfully, began to gradually decline.

Due to the revolutionary events, Tenishev left Russia to France. Gradually, her collection was taken to Paris. Partly she returned to Smolensk in the year. Time passed, both women still lived together and, if possible, continued the work of their life. And then the First World War began. Maria Klavdievna, as best she could, helped in supplying the front products.

She opened in Smolensk a infirmary for the wounded. But on the fronts, everything did not go smoothly. The country reigned with devastation. This was affected by the mental and emotional state of Tenisheva. She could not resume the work of folk schools and workshops of folk crafts after returning from Paris. The events of the year finally knocked out Tenishev from the usual channel.

In the spring of the year, even before the evacuation of the Wrangel Army, Maria Klavdievna, along with Ekaterina Konstantinovna, the closest person to her, with a maid Lisa and a close friend and assistant V. Lidin again, as in the year, left the Crimea to Paris, to Villa in the town of Voskli. Soon, Russian artists again stretched into this house. To drown out her longing for her homeland, she began to write memoirs “The impressions of my life.

Memories ”, covering the period from the end of years to the New Year's Eve of the year. Ekaterina Svyatopolk-Churdinskaya published them after the death of her friend. Death died Maria Tenishev on April 14. The stone tombstone for her grave was performed by Ivan Bilibin.