Biography of Faina Kaplan

Memory Biography The Secret Fanny Kaplan is still not unraveled. She went down in history as a woman shooting in Lenin. Her image in mass culture in the Soviet years was strictly negative. And only after a year did the researchers try to give an impartial attempt to evaluate the personality of the terrorist. After the collapse of the USSR, childhood and youth opened access to part of the archives, after which the biography of the woman who attacked the “leader” became known.

But the reliability of the information is questioned. After all, information was received from Kaplan itself. Which of the said truth is, and what is a lie is unknown. It is difficult to doubt one thing: the fate of a summer woman who attempted to kill the Bolshevik leader was terrible. The future revolutionary was born in the family of a Jewish teacher. Feiga had three sisters and four brothers.

All children received home education. What prompted the girl to terrorist activity is difficult to say. At the turn of the century, aggressive-revolutionary ideas came into fashion, covered both adventure lovers and approximate gymnasiums. At 16, Feiga joined the revolutionaries. Then she received an underground name under which she became famous. The first arrest fell at the beginning of the revolutionary path.

In the hotel room, the girl prepared a bomb that worked ahead of time. The failed terrorist was detained. But during the explosion, she received serious injuries, after which her vision began to fall sharply. Fanny Kaplan in his youth so, for the first time, Kaplan was arrested in Kyiv in the year. The death penalty threatened to prepare for a terrorist act. Due to the minority of the criminal, the execution was replaced by eternal hard labor.

The political prisoners were released. Including Kaplan. For three months, the former convict lived in Chita. Then she left for Moscow. Over the years of imprisonment, Fanny had friends. The decisive influence on the worldview of the young revolutionary was communicated with Maria Spiridonova. If at the beginning of the century the Kaplan was an ardent to an archist, then a convinced Socialist -Revolutionary arrived in the capital.

The revolutionary Maria Spiridonova to Moscow Kaplan came with Anna Pigit, a summer revolutionary who once participated in a conspiracy against the last Russian tsar. Women settled in the house on Bolshaya Sadovaya, in the very one where the characters of Mikhail Bulgakov later lived. Here Sossovka lived a month. Then she left for Yevpatoria. The revolution in October fell the Kerensky government.

Eight months later, the world circled the news of the death of the king. Romanovs were shot in Yekaterinburg. The bodies were burned. The Bolsheviks used the same method to destroy the traces of the crime later, after the execution of Kaplan. Fanny Kaplan in and year in the country, three parties acted, conducting a fierce struggle with each other. At first, the Socialist -Revolutionaries and the Bolsheviks pursued a single, common goal - to destroy the old regime.

Later, the Socialist -Revolutionaries were divided into right and left. The leader of the latter was Spiridonova, who influenced the anarchist Kaplan during the hard labor. During a number of uprisings, small and large random clashes, the Bolsheviks won. The attempt on Lenin this happened on August 30. The leader of the Bolsheviks went to the Mikhelson factory. Here he was waiting for a half -sailing Sossar with Browning.

Seeing Ulyanov, Rotblat shot three times. Lenin was injured, but survived. By the way, this was not the first and not the last attempt. But the events of that August day and today keep many secrets. After all, Kaplan, after being in the sanatorium, did not restore vision. How did the woman manage to get into her victim? The attempt on Vladimir Lenin, after an attempt, the shooter is immediately detained and brought to the Lubyanka.

The interrogation is conducted by Yakov Peters. The detainee reports that she arrived at the plant at eight in the morning. There was no revolver with her. From whom she later received him, she refuses to speak. Kaplan insists that she had no accomplices and she acted on personal beliefs. The criminal repeats the words "I do not want to speak", "I do not know." Behaves detached. The investigator concludes that he was crazy.

The bullet Kaplan, extracted from Lenin’s body the next day, Kaplan admits his rejection of the October Revolution. She decided to shoot at Lenin back in February. Fanny staged a confrontation with Robert Loccant - a British diplomat accused of espionage. In his book of memoirs, he will describe Kaplan as follows: "An unattractive woman with a colorless face." The photos taken after the assassination attempt have been preserved.

What Feiga looked like in his youth, one can only assume. The film "Lenin B" shows an unpleasant, middle -aged woman with a terrible grin. In the mass culture of Soviet years, only such an image of Kaplan had the right to exist. Natalia Efron in the role of Fanny Kaplan in the film “Lenin in the year” Fanny did not answer most of the questions. Peters asked about partisanship, political views.

Kaplan was silent. The investigator failed to establish a woman’s connection with any terrorist organization. When asked why she shot at Ulyanov, the detainee answered: "He betrayed the revolution."Peters could not prove the involvement of Feiga Rotblat in the movement of the Social Revolutionaries. There were only assumptions that later, two years after the Kaplan, he set out in English in his diary.

Nevertheless, Feiga told the investigator. The protocol has preserved records characterizing the criminal. Personal life in Yevpatoriya Kaplan met with a zemstvo doctor, a close relative of her future victim. With Dmitry Ulyanov. Feiga arrived in the sanatorium on a ticket received from the trade union of revolutionaries. There is a version that Rotblat had a short -term novel here.

Ten years spent in hard labor made themselves felt. Fanny not only worsened vision. The revolutionary, like many former prisoners, suffered from tuberculosis. Being quite pretty in his youth, by the age of 28 she turned into a middle -aged sick woman. Dmitry Ilyich served as a doctor in the sanatorium. He drew attention to Fanny, who had lost his former attractiveness, but nevertheless favorably different from emancipated short -haired revolutionaries.

But Roman with Ulyanov led to another disappointment. Dmitry Ulyanov, brother of V. Lenin, however, the love connection with Lenin's brother is an assumption.

The protocol of interrogation, which was conducted by Peters in September, was partially published. 20 pages disappeared without a trace. In the year, the girl was preparing a bomb, which was intended for the governor Sukhomlinov, for which she got to hard labor. Of course, she was not alone that day. The accomplice - someone Viktor Garsky - disappeared from the scene of the crime.

The young Kaplan took the blame on herself. I did not give out a civil husband.