Symon Buddons Brief Biography

Simon Budny - it also relies on the spiritual experience of previous generations, on the best traditions of the past, which are a necessary means of communication between the era of preservation of continuity and at the same time serve as a beneficial factor in cultural progress. Of particular importance for each nation is its legacy, which is the most valuable national treasure.

For philosophical thought of the XVI century. The development of philosophical thought was greatly influenced by general cultural phenomena in Europe, such as revival and reformation. In the public worldview, the process of forming new orientations associated with the approval of anti -religious values ​​has begun. Among the writers and cultural figures of the past who made a great contribution to the national heritage of Belarus, one of the first places belongs to Simon the Budny, largest leader of the reformation movement in the second half of the 16th century, the first printer, the poet, the humanist, the philosopher, the enlightener and founder of the rationalist criticism of Christianity.

One of the first ideologists of the development of Belarusian culture in their native language. Books of the Belarusian writer, published in Nesvige and gloss, gained fame literally in all countries of Western Europe. The ideas of S. Budny in defense of the freedom of the human spirit, his fiery calls for widespread domination in the society of reason and science found a deep response not only in the hearts of compatriots, but also in Germany, Switzerland, France, England, Italy, and Moscow Rus'.

Budny became the embodiment of free thought and courage, a symbol of spiritual greatness and talent of the Slavic peoples. The life of Simon of the Bureau is the first documentary mention of Simon Budnoy - a brief record in the metric of Krakow University for October 19, if we proceed from the fact that the young man was about 14 years old during the university, and this is the usual age for the beginners of that time, it can be assumed that he was born approximately in or at the very end of the 10th.

His origin is not known exactly, but there is evidence that he was born in a place called Bud. In which territory was this settlement, on the territory of Poland or on the territory of modern Belarus - a riddle. It is known that he wrote in both Belarusian and Polish. Nevertheless, most Belarusian and Russian scientists believe that Budny was not only born on the territory of modern Belarus, but was also Orthodox at the beginning.

Polish and German researchers, on the contrary, see in the Budyer Pole, including from the point of view of birth. But it is known for sure that the Budny lived all his conscious life in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and his first works were written in the Belarusian, or rather old -Russian language. Unfortunately, it is not known exactly where Budny received primary education.

True, there is reason to talk about his stay in the Khadkevich estate, in Nusudov and in the Suprasl monastery. In the city of Budnaya, at the invitation of Prince Nikolai Radziwill Black, the Vilnius is now in Vilnius as a creed with an obligation to teach the foundations of Calvinism for the Belarusian Protestant community 3 times a week. Secretary of the Vilnius Calvinsky circle in one of the protocols, January 11, by the way, this is the earliest documented information about the presence of the Budny in Vilnius.

He taught the basics of theology in the Vilnius Protestant Synod, receiving a reward generous at that time. In the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he found not only a reliable life shelter, but also received an excellent opportunity to improve his talent for the teacher, writer, philosopher and theologian. In Vilnius, an atmosphere favorable for creativity reigned.

Freedom -loving inhabitants of Vilnius were the first to get acquainted with the new trends of the Reformation, the teachings of Luther and Calvin. They remembered the fiery sermons of Abram Kulva, who at the end of his studies in Krakow and Wittenberg returned to his homeland by the doctor of theology and founded the first Lithuanian school in the Grand Duchy of Principality.

During this period of his life, Budny, however, did not take an active part in the discussions that began among the Protestants, as a result of which there was a sharp distinction between the only reformation trend in Belarus, first in two, and then in several more directions. Judging by his first works, he was inclined to Calvinist doctrine. The main trends in Calvinism are Presbyterianism, Reformation and Congregationalism.

Budny was in no hurry after his cartridge Nikolai Radziwill Black to take the views of antitrinitarians, adherents of currents in Christianity, who do not accept one of the main dogmas of traditional Christianity - the dogma of the Trinity, antitrinitarian ideology was declared heresy at the Nicene Cathedral in the year. He did not want to succumb to someone else's opinion, risking, of course, to fall out of disgrace to the Almighty Prince.

This indicates the extraordinary nature of the everyday life, the desire to independently find the truth, to reach the point.He accumulated knowledge, thoroughly analyzing biblical texts, meticulously comparing the positions and views of many authoritative theologians, the Western and Eastern fathers of the Church, finally brought his knowledge about the Universe, God and man, approaching the development of his own theological doctrine.

It is a set of disciplines involved in the study, presentation, justification and protection of the doctrine of God, his activities in the world and His Revelation, as well as related teachings about moral standards and forms of God's reading. Budny is appointed pastor of the Evangelical-reformat Church in Kletsk. Having moved from Vilna to Kletsk, he continued the work he had begun, preparing his first work to print.

In early summer, from the Nesvizh Protestant printing house that belonged to Mr. Matvey Kavechinsky, a solid, tasteful book of significant sizes, more than five hundred pages, under the title “Catechism, or ancient Christian science for ordinary people” came out. Catechism is an official religious document of any faith, an announced instruction, a book containing the main provisions of Christian do not necessarily doctrine, often set out in the form of questions and answers.

The catechism contains answers to the most typical theological questions and primary theological education before baptism. She immediately attracted the attention of educated people both in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and far beyond its borders. An indispensable primer for adults and an excellent textbook for children, printed “Catechism” was at the same time an extraordinary philosophical and God-word work, distinctive in its content and depth of thoughts expressed.

He caused a wide literary controversy, which became a noticeable phenomenon of the entire European reformation movement. In addition to the “dedication to the princes of the radiations”, written in collaboration with M. Kawchinsky and L. this order of sections externally repeated the famous “Big Catechism” written in the year by Martin Luther. But “Catechism, which came out of the pen of the Belarusian writer, is not a translation and not plagiarism, but an undeniably original work, the result of our own creativity of our unique philosopher and a theologian of the 16th century.

This book is a desire to stop the spread of "false teachings", "evil things that defeated the Christ's Church." Three months after the appearance of the Catechism, on October 11, a new work of Simon of the Budny in the Old Belorussian language came out of the Nesvige printing house - “the justification of the sinful man before God”, in the “afterword” to which it was written: “Drazonana eats this book about justification ...

G. This book was dedicated to the then Zemstvo Wanderer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a well -known state figure, a well -known state figure The co -religionist Evstafia Bogdanovich Volovich, with the financial support of which was built by Nesvizh printing house. Until now, not a single copy of the “excuse” S. Budny has been preserved, although back in the 19th century it was seen by researchers of the past.

Living in Kletsk, Simon Budny near - gg. The Belarusian theologian, wanting to hear the opinions of the famous European theorists of the Reformation, sent the theological treatise in Zurich, Henry Bullinger prepared in Latin. The accompanying letter of the Budny to the leader of the Swiss Reformation is also extremely interesting. It reported on the successes of the new teaching in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the activity of the philanthropist Nikolai Radziwill, who, by the way, was also praised, Bullinger also devoted his works.

Budny wrote to the famous scientist about the difficulties that the Belarusian Protestants faced, condemned the pressure from the Catholic and Orthodox churches, as well as the obstacles that fans of paganism repaired him. Around the middle of the city of Budny, they change radically. He becomes one of the leaders of the ideologists of the radical movement of antitrinitarians and began to profess a single god, abandoning the dogma of the Trinity.

The worldview shifts of the enlightener are reflected in the "Catechism", published in Nesvizh, in the years in Polish. Shortly after the publication of books and public anti -trinite performances of the Budny, Orthodox and Catholic figures accused him in connection with the “old -stores”, the teachings of which were the modification of Judaism. But it was an unfair reproach.

The views of the everyday and other Belarusian antitrinitarians indeed in some secondary moments coincided with the teachings of the "old -stains". For example, their positions coincided in a negative attitude towards icons, prayers to the saints and in relation to some other dogmas. However, they diverged in the main thing: S. Budny and all the antitrinitarians, unlike the “old -wingers”, never denied Christian teachings: they believed in the saving mission of the Son of God, and considered the law of God not only the old, but also the New Testament, etc.

There was an irresistible barrier: the theological and ethical doctrine of antitrinitarians - this is a distinctive direction Christianity, while the teachings of “old -stones” are nothing but an updated Judaism. In order to dispel all the doubts of contemporaries in relations with the “old -stores”, Budny took up the translation of the works of the Christian apologist Justin, under the name “Talks of St.

Justin, the Philosopher and Martyr, with the Tryphon Jew”. The Jewish teaching is just revealed in it, the "superiority" over it is the Christian doctrine. Weekdays in the non -ivist printing house. In it, the translator once again emphasized the negative attitude towards Judaism and outlined his own understanding of the activities of Christian science. It was an exhaustive and worthy answer to unreasonable criticism of his ideological opponents.

In Kletsk, S. Budny continued self -education. He bought a book of Western European authors for his library, enthusiastically analyzed the works of the Greek and Latin apologists of Christianity. Tomasha, Aquinas, the philosopher and theologian theory, the founder of Tomism, who was recognized by the most authoritative Catholic religious philosopher, who connected the Christian creed in particular, the ideas of Augustine Blessed with Aristotle's philosophy, from the year.

Formulated five evidence of God being. After the publication of the Brest Bible in the Polish language, the idea of ​​making a new, more perfect translation of the Holy Scriptures and finally correct the omissions that, for various reasons, fell into it for several centuries, in the year. In the commission of this grandiose plan, S. Budnaya naturally counted on material support to Nikolai Radziwill, who was not only a constant organizer of the book publishing house, but also himself well owned a pen and therefore, as no one else could appreciate the difficult work of the Creator and the Scientist.

However, Simon Budny failed to carry out his plan for the translation of the Bible. In the year, Nikolai Radziwill Black died. Simon Budny, like all the reformation movement of Belarus, lost his main support. Somewhere at the end or at the very beginning of the year, Ganna Radziwill, who is the rules in Khokhlovo, invited the everyday leader or, as the Protestants said,-the Minister of the Arian Auditian Airian Assembly.

A new period began in the life of our enlightener. A talented preacher, confident in his knowledge and abilities, has frantically undertook to work on the translation of the Bible. He had an intention on his own, without creative cooperation with other theologians, cope with the solution of the most difficult task. But in the city of Budny he was again forced to interrupt his translation work in order to answer Peter Gonyade, who accused him of heresy.

In order to refute the arguments of the opponent, Budny printed in June in the Brest printing house, with the support of his like -minded Estrafi Volovich, a small brochure in Latin “On the Basic Dogmates of Vera”. Somewhere in the end, after careful work, S. Budny finally published in the Nesvizh printing house under one cover the translation of the covenant and apocrypha.

The book came out and immediately became the largest phenomenon of the spiritual life of the 10ths of centuries. For about a year, for unknown reasons, he moves to Zaslavl.