Caledine biography

The headquarters of the General Staff General Staff, the captain of the General Staff on April 21, the lieutenant colonel of the General Staff on December 6, the colonel-heading headquarters on December 6, Major General General Staff General, Lieutenant General General Staff, General of Cavalry August, a military commander during the First World War as a combat warfare as a head of the First War.

General A. Denikin noted that Kaledin did not send, but took the troops to battle. He distinguished himself in battles near Tarnopol in August in February, organizing stubborn resistance to the Austrians at the village of Bednara, tore off their attempt to capture Galich. He was seriously injured, but already in August he returned to duty, becoming the commander of the Civil Defense Code.

He was awarded with St. George’s weapon, the Order of George of the 4th degree for the battle on the Roting Lipa River near the village, as well as the Order of George 3rd degree for the battle of Kalush, September 19, was nicknamed “The Second School of Russia”. The highest achievement of his as a military leader is the Brusilovsky breakthrough in May, when the army of General Kaledin, the 4th Austrian army, defeated the 4th Austrian and advanced 70 miles forward within 9 days.

The Don Ataman reacted negatively to the February Revolution. Alexey Brusilov, characterizing Kaledin, noted that he "lost his heart and does not understand the spirit of time." Kaledin refused to comply with the orders of the Provisional Government on democratization in the troops and was suspended from the army command without receiving a new purpose. In the spring of the year he left for the Don, at the end of May he participated in Novocherkassk in the work of the Don military circle.

Having lost the persuasion of the Cossack community, he agreed to the election of the military ataman. Kaledin became the first elected chieftain of the Donskoy army after the election was abolished by Peter I. Aware of his position, the Don Ataman noted: "... I came to the Don with a pure name of the warrior, and perhaps with curses." The next day, speaking there, he demanded “in order to bring the war to the victorious end the army to put the army outside politics, to ban rallies and meetings in military units, to abolish all tips and committees above the regimental, and the competence of the remaining economic issues, supplement the declaration of the rights of the soldier with a declaration of his duties, determine the discipline at the front and in the log.” Verkhovsky ordered the arrest of Kaledin, however, the military government refused to fulfill the order, and on September 4, A.

Kerensky abolished it, subject to the "vapor of" the military government for Kaledin. On the eve of the Bolshevik armed uprising, when the Cossacks could become the power that the Provisional Government against the rebels, on October 17, could be used by the delegates of the Don Cossack Military Circle, which noted the distrust of the Cossacks to the government and demanded that the government restore Kaledin in the rights of the commander of the army and openly recognize the Don with a mistake.

Kerensky recognized the episode with the Caledin with a sad misunderstanding and promised to make an official statement that disinfecting the episode in the coming days, but he could not restrain his word and did not follow any official clarification in a timely manner. And only on October 23 did the Extraordinary Investigation Commission issued a decree on the lack of involvement of General Kaledin to the Kornilov “rebellion”.

The historian of the revolution S. Melgunov noted that the October refusal of the Cossacks to suppress the Bolshevik uprising became a great tragedy for Russia. The struggle with the Bolsheviks on October 25 on November 7, Kaledin, made an appeal in which he declared the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks criminal, and stated that until the restoration of legal power in Russia, the military government was assuming the full power in the Don region.

Kaledin, according to him, “was scared to shed the first blood,” but he still decided to join an armed struggle.

Since the Cossacks at first did not want to get involved in battles, General Kaledin was forced to turn to General Alekseev for help. After that, the Alekseevskaya Organization from December 27 - the Volunteer Army was legalized, and General Kaledin, together with Generals Alekseev and Kornilov, formed a triumvirate in which Kaledin belonged to the full power in the Don region. Public figures who came to the Don accused the Don government of slowness and politics; However, it is unlikely that the government and the Don Ataman could show decisiveness in a situation where, according to Alekseev, “the ideas of Bolshevism found adherents among the widespread mass of the Cossacks,” who “are deeply convinced that Bolshevism is directed only against the rich classes - the bourgeoisie and the intelligentsia ...”.

Kaledin sympathetically reacted to his request to “give a shelter to Russian officers,” however, given the sharply negative moods of the Cossacks in relation to the Provisional Government, he asked Alekseev not to linger in Novocherkassk for more than a week.Almost the only military force of Kaledin remained a partisan detachment, which was mainly from student youth and formed by Esaul soon by Colonel Chernetsov - until the death of the last January 21 of the year.

Ataman’s positions were weakened by the fact that he, being an adherent of the preservation of Russian statehood, refused to maintain separatist trends that are widespread among the Cossacks for tactical purposes. The decision of Alekseev and Kornilov to take the Volunteer Army in the Kuban deprived Kaledin's last hope. He also stated that in such conditions it complies with himself the powers of the military chieftain.

On the same day, General Kaledin committed suicide for 56 years with a shot in the heart according to other sources, A. Kaledin was killed as a result of the third attempt. In his dying letter to General Alekseev, he explained his departure from his life "to the Cossacks of the Cossacks to follow his chieftain." His grave in the fence of the Dimitrievsky cemetery church was destroyed by the Bolsheviks.

There is a legend that the dust of the chieftain was secretly transferred from Novocherkassk to one of the Cossack villages. The family of A. Kaledin was married to a citizen of the French canton of the Swiss Confederation of Maria Maria Maria Petrovna, who had a beautiful Russian language and a former large Russian patriot. They had the only son, at the age of 11, drowned during bathing in the river.

The name of the son is unknown. Ataman’s grandfather Major Vasily Maksimovich, the comrade -in -arms of the chieftain Count M. Platov, a participant in the Patriotic War of the year returned from France to Don in the year with a disabled person, losing his leg. Ataman’s father Maxim Vasilievich, a participant in the Sevastopol defense, resigned the Cossack lieutenant colonel with military foreman and settled in the village of Ust-Khoperskaya, where he had a water mill on the Don.

The elder brother of the ataman Vasily Maksimovich, having graduated from the Ust-Medvedian classical gymnasium and the artillery school, served in the Don artillery, commanding the 7th Don Cossack battery, and then the Don artillery division. In the novel “Quiet Don”, Sholokhov, describing the service of Grigory Melekhov in the Donskoy Cossack regiment, mentions that Colonel Kaledin was the regiment commander.

This was Vasily Maksimovich Kaledin - the elder brother of the chieftain. During the Civil War, Major General V. Junior brother ataman Melenty, born in the year, graduated from the Don Cadet Corps consisting of the 4th issue of the year and the Nikolaev Cavalry School in the year and was enrolled in the Don artillery on August 12. He died at an early age immediately after production to officers.

According to some sources, he shot himself, according to others - crashed, falling from a horse. The adjutant of the chieftain was his nephew Nikolai. Cinema Plutation Vladimir Kozel - Walking in torment