Alexander Nevsky commander biography

Latest news biography Alexander Nevsky - Novgorod prince and commander. Prince Novgorod -, - and -, Grand Duke Kiev -, the Grand Duke of Vladimir - is canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. It is traditionally considered Russian historians a Russian national hero, a truly Christian ruler, the keeper of the Orthodox faith and freedom of the people. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, the father of Alexander, was at the time of the birth of his son by the Pereyaslavsky prince, and later - the Grand Duke of Kyiv and Vladimir.

Rostislav Mstislavna, the mother of the famous commander is the Toropetskaya Princess. In addition, the future prince had sisters Maria and Ulyana. A portrait of Alexander Nevsky at the age of 4, the boy went in the Transfiguration Cathedral of the rite of initiation into the warriors and became a prince. In the year, his father put Alexander with his older brother to reign in Novgorod.

But after 3 years, Fedor dies, and Alexander remains the only successor of the principality. In the year, Yaroslav leaves for Kyiv, then to Vladimir, and the summer prince remains to edit Novgorod on his own. The first campaigns are the biography of Alexander Nevsky is closely connected with the wars. Alexander took the first military campaign with his father to Derpt in order to recapture the city from the Livonians.

The battle ended in the victory of the Novgorodians. Then the war began for Smolensk with the Lithuanians, the victory in which remained for Alexander. Alexander Nevsky, in a military campaign on July 15, took place of the Battle of Neva, significant in that the troops of Alexander without the support of the main army defeated the Swedes camp at the mouth of the Izhora River.

But the Novgorod boyars were frightened by the increased influence of Alexander. Representatives of the nobility, with the help of various tricks and incitement, achieved that the commander went to Vladimir to his father. At this time, the German army made a campaign against Rus', capturing the Pskov, Izborsk, Water lands, knights took the city of Koporye. The enemy army came close to Novgorod.

Then the Novgorodians themselves began to beg the prince to return. The icon of Alexander Nevsky in the year Alexander Nevsky arrived in Novgorod, then released Pskov, and on April 5, the famous battle took place - the ice battle - on Lake Peipsi. The battle took place on the frozen lake. Prince Alexander used a tactical trick, luring the knights, dressed in heavy armor, on a thin layer of ice.

The Russian cavalry attacked from the flanks completed the defeat of the invaders. After this battle, the Knight's Order abandoned all recent conquests, and part of the Latgale also departed to the Novgorodians. Then, exclusively by the forces of his troops, without the support of the Novgorodians and Vladimir, caught up and destroyed the remnants of the Lithuanian army, and on the way back he defeated another Lithuanian military unit under the Used.

The reign of the year dies Yaroslav. But since after the Tatar invasion Kyiv lost strategic significance, Alexander did not go there, but remained to live in Novgorod. In the year, Andrei and Yaroslav, the brothers of Alexander, opposed the Horde, but the Tatar invaders defeated the defenders of the Russian land. Yaroslav settled in Pskov, and Andrei was forced to escape to Sweden, so the principality of Vladimir passed to Alexander.

Immediately after this was a new war with the Lithuanians and Teutons. The Novgorod prince constantly fought the battles with the Western troops, but at the same time bowed to the Khan of the Golden Horde. The prince repeatedly traveled to the Mongol Empire to read the ruler, especially supported the Batu and the allies of the khan. In the year, he even personally appeared in Novgorod with the Tatar ambassadors to express support to the Horde.

Alexander Nevsky in the tent of the Khan Batu, in addition, the son of Vasily, who resisted the invasion of the Tatars, Alexander was exiled to the Suzdal land, and put in his place 7-year-old Dmitry. Such a policy of the prince in Russia itself is often called treacherous, since cooperation with the rulers of the Golden Horde suppressed the resistance of the Russian princes for many years to come.

As Alexander’s policy, many do not perceive, but they consider the warrior excellent, but the exploits do not forget. Prince Alexander Nevsky accepts the Papal Legates in the year, Alexander, through the threats of the Tatar invasion, achieved consent from the Novgorodians to censor the population and the payment of Dani by the Horde, which the Russian people resisted for many years.

This is another fact from the biography of Nevsky, which does not please the supporters of the prince. At the end of August, the crusaders of the Livonian Order invaded the ice battle at the end of August. After a short siege, the German knights took possession of the Izborsk. Then the defenders of the Catholic faith besieged Pskov and occupied it with the assistance of traitors-wear.

The following was the invasion of Novgorod land. At the appeal of Alexander Nevsky, troops from Vladimir and Suzdal arrived to help the Novgorodians under the command of Prince Andrei, the brother of the Novgorod ruler. The United Novgorod-Vladimir army took a trip to the Pskov land and, having cut off roads from Livonia to Pskov, stormed this city, as well as Izborsky.Prince Alexander Nevsky on the ice battle after this defeat by the Livonian knights, gathering a large army, spoke to the Pskov and Miracle Lakes.

The basis of the army of the Livonian Order was a heavily armed knightly cavalry, as well as an infantry, which in number has many times exceeded knights. In April of the year, a battle occurred, which went down in history as an ice battle. Historians for a long time could not determine the exact place of the battle, because the hydrography of the lake Chuda often changed, but the coordinates of the battle were later managed to indicate the map.

Experts agreed that the Livonian rhymed chronicle more accurately describes the battle. The Lake of Lake in the “Rhymised Chronicle” states that Novgorod included a large number of shooters who were the first to take the blow of the knights. The knights built a “pig” - a deep column, starting with a blunt wedge. Such an education allowed the heavy -armed knightly cavalry to apply a rampant blow to the enemy, break the battle formations, but in this case, such a strategy turned out to be erroneous.

While the advanced detachments of the Livonians tried to break through the dense system of the Novgorod infantry, the princely squads remained in place. Soon, the combatants hit the flanks of the enemy, crushing and mixing the ranks of the German troops. The Novgorodians won a decisive victory. The battle of Lake Peipsi, some historians claim that knightly formations consisted of thousand.

Other experts consider these numbers excessively high. The result of the battle decided the outcome of the war. The order concluded the world, abandoning the conquered Pskov and Novgorod territories. This battle played a huge role in history, influenced the development of the region, retained the freedom of the Novgorodians. Personal life Alexander Nevsky married in the year, immediately after the victory over the Lithuanians near Smolensk.

The wife of the prince became Alexander, the daughter of Brychelava Polotsk. The young people were married in the temple of St. George in Toropets. A year later, their son Vasily was born. The monument to Alexander Nevsky later presented to Alexander three more sons: Dmitry, the future Prince of Novgorod, Pereyaslavsky and Vladimir, Andrei, who will be the Kostroma, Vladimir, Novgorod and Gorodets prince, and Daniel, the first prince of Moscow.

Also, the princely couple had the daughter of Evdokia, who later married Konstantin Rostislavich Smolensky. Death in the year Alexander Nevsky went to the Horde to try to prevent the planned Tatar campaign. The new invasion was provoked by the killings of Dani's collectors in Suzdal, Rostov, Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl and Vladimir. In the Mongol Empire, the prince became seriously ill, and returned to Rus' already dying.

Monument to Alexander Nevsky upon returning home, Alexander Nevsky accepts the solemn oath of Orthodox monks under the name of Alexy. Thanks to this act, as well as due to regular failures to accept Catholicism, Grand Duke Alexander became the beloved prince of the Russian clergy. Moreover, in the year he was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in the face of miracle workers.

In the year, Emperor Peter I ordered the reloading of the relics of the Holy Prince in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg. The monument to the prince was erected on the Alexander Nevsky Square in front of the entrance to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. This monument is presented in the photo in historical publications and magazines. In the year, the image with a particle of relics was handed over to the Alexander Nevsky Temple of the Ural village of Shurala.

The icon of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky can often be found in Russian temples.

Prince Alexander won interesting facts to the main military victories in his youth. By the time of the Battle of Neva, the commander was 20 years old, and during the ice battle the prince was 22 years old. Subsequently, Nevsky was considered a politician and diplomat, but still more as a military leader. Throughout his life, Prince Alexander did not lose a single battle.

Alexander Nevsky is the only secular Orthodox ruler in all of Europe and in Rus', which did not compromise with the Catholic Church in order to maintain power. After the death of the ruler, the icon of Alexander Nevsky appeared “The Tale of the Life and the Courage of the Blessed and Grand Duke Alexander”, a literary work of the hagiographic genre created in the 19ths of the 13th century.

It is assumed that the compilation of the "Life of Alexander Nevsky" was carried out in the monastery of the Nativity of the Virgin in Vladimir, where the body of the prince was buried. Features are often shot about Alexander Nevsky. The most famous film was released in the year, called "Alexander Nevsky." The director of the picture was Sergey Eisenstein, and for the choir and soloists with the orchestra, the Soviet composer Sergei Prokofiev created the Kantata Alexander Nevsky.

In the year, the competition "Name of Russia" was held. The event was organized by representatives of the State television channel "Russia" together with the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Public Opinion Foundation. Network users chose the “Name of Russia” from the finished list “Five hundred great figures of the country”.As a result, the competition almost ended with a scandal, because Joseph Stalin took a leading position.

The organizers said that the Communist Leader voted “Numerous Spammers”. As a result, Alexander Nevsky was called the official winner. According to many, it was the figure of the Novgorod prince that was to arrange both the Orthodox community and Slavophiles, as well as just lovers of Russian history.