Nikolai Kondratiev Biography

He gave all his talent to restore the economy of Russia, which was undermined by the revolution and wars. An attempt to achieve this with civilized methods ended with a disaster: N. Kondratyev died in the times of purge in the years and divided the fate of millions of his compatriots. Nikolai Dmitrievich Kondratyev, one of the most famous Russian economists in the world, was born 04 Therefore, my character was spontaneously in a harsh life school, which I had to go through at one time, ”wrote N.

Kondratyev later. Nicholas, the first-born of ten children and the only assistant, did not have to dream of studying, but the character affected: after graduating from a parish school, the boy left for a church-teaching seminary in the village of Khrenov. It was there that N. in the year, at the age of when his gymnasium peers dreamed of winds and escaping to the Indians to America, young Nikolai Kondratyev joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

Pitimim Sorokin followed him a year later - and friends for life received an unreliable stigma. They kicked out from the seminary of Nikolai. From the agricultural school he entered, too. It seemed that no future, except for the career of the revolutionary, was no longer shining, and N. Kondratyev plunged into the element of the struggle with his head: he entered the Kinesham Party of the Socialist Revolutionaries, led the strike of textiles, and ended up in prison twice.

But even in a stormy party youth, he did not leave a dream of studying. In the year, N. Kondratyev and P. Sorokin went away from the vigilant of the provincial police in St. Petersburg. They earned private lessons and studied in Chernyaevsky courses. Kondratyev exterminly passed exams for a maturity certificate and entered the law faculty of the Imperial St.

Petersburg University. Among other things, for this he had to master the ancient Greek, Latin, French and German languages ​​in the volume of classical gymnasium. It would seem that hobbies of the ardent of youth should have been replaced by solid academic interests, especially after the first study of N. Kondratyev about the activities of the Kinesham zemstvo was published at the end of the year.

But the zealous student remained a convinced Socialist Revolutionary, led the mugs of workers and students and aroused the police 'close interest. In the year, he again landed under the investigation and spent a month behind bars. This did not prevent the liberal university authorities from leaving N. Kondratyev at the department of political economy and statistics. So the peasant son took the first serious step towards the professorship.

During the years of student N., nevertheless, he was able to, and the hopes for the success of the success of the revolutionary struggle seemed to be close, and the young fighter for popular happiness began to pay more and more attention to science, made lectures, taught at agronomic and cooperative courses, wrote articles and reviews for magazines "Testament", "Bulletin of Europe", "Life for all." In January, N.

Kondratyev wrote an article "Food crisis and the task of organizing an economy" - on state regulation when overcoming the food crisis. He remained faithful to these views until the end of his life. Just a month later, with the victory of the February Revolution, N. Kondratyeva has the opportunity to test his ideas in practice. He was appointed adviser to the head of government, A.

Kerensky, in agricultural affairs, the pre -Parliament went to the Provisional Council of the Russian Republic. In October, the summer scientist became a comrade Deputy Minister of Food of the Provisional Government and a member of the Constituent Assembly. N. Kondratyev did not accept the October Revolution. He participated in the underground work of the Provisional Government and refused to transfer the affairs to representatives of the Soviets, stating that the "decomposition of the apparatus" makes it impossible to supply the population.

However, an honest professional economist in any government sees a wide field for applying his abilities. Having moved to Moscow in the year, he taught, wrote articles. Kondratyev left the Socialist -Revolutionary Party "due to a sharp deepening of disagreements with the Central Committee" and began to cooperate with the new government. In the year, he became one of the founders and the director of the situation, in which they studied the state of domestic and world economy.

Sorokin wrote: "In Soviet times, he was transferred several times from a high chair to prison and back." In August, N. Kondratyev in the case of the Union of Renaissance of Russia was enclosed in the Camp for the end of the Civil War, but a month later, the efforts of a member of the College of the People's Commissariat of the People's Commissariat of I. was arrested in August to expel abroad along with philosophers N.

Berdyaev, S. Bulgakov and other figures of science and culture, but at the insistence of the People's Commissariat of People's Commissariats, he was released from prison as a “person who, who, who, who, who, is, who, who are, who, who are, who are, who are, who are, who, who are, who, who are, who, who are, who are, who, who are, who are, who are, who, who are, who, who are, who are, who are, who are, who are, who were“ at the same time as a person, as a man who was released as a man of science as a person, who, at the insistence of the people's commander True, tight, but evolved towards the Soviet point of view.

" Sorokin did not escape the expulsion on the "philosophical ship". In the spring of the year, N. Kondratyev headed the economic department in the People's Commissariat of Agriculture. Nevertheless, he continued to remain unreliable - in the eyes of Soviet power. He was arrested twice.At the end of the year, the People's Commissar of Finance, G. Sokolnikov, instructed N. Kondratyev to track the stability of the new currency - the chervonets equated with the golden ten -ruble of the royal chasing, and the Ilyinki Street, house 9, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation has now moved to the Ilyinki Street, the Building of the Narkomfin.

Kondratyev managed to raise the collection of statistical knowledge to an unprecedented level and, thanks to this, to obtain worldwide recognition from the year compiled by the conjunctural institution, the economy reviews were reprinted in the journals of the London economic and the US Federal Reserve, in the documents of the League of Nations. Up to a year, one after another, several works of N.

Kondratyev were published, which contained fundamentally new ideas for economic planning and views on the conjuncture of world markets. During the life of N. Kondratyev, all his significant articles were translated and published abroad. He was a member of the economic societies of the United States and Great Britain, he was personally or by correspondence with the largest economists of his time.

In his monographs “The Bread Market and its regulation during the war and the revolution” and “Fundamentals of the promising plan for the development of rural and forestry”, the Socialist -Revolutionary ”thought that for Russia the“ leading link ”in planning is agriculture and that the balance of the agrarian and industrial sectors is necessary. The main achievement and contribution of N.

Kondratyev to world science was his theory of cycles in the economic, social and cultural development of countries. He published its first sketches back in the year and then continued to develop. The conclusions of N. Kondratiev were based on the analysis of the dynamics of the main parameters of the economy of the United States, Germany, England, and France over the past years.

Employees of the situation studied price indices, quotes of state debt papers, wage levels, foreign trade turnover, coal production, gold, cast iron production, etc. Kondratyev was the first to notice that a number of indicators are changing with cyclic regularity, and the growth and decline phases are alternated. The vibration period is 50 years with an error of up to 10 years.

Consequently, the "large conjuncture cycle" lasts from 40 to 60 years. Subsequently, the Austrian and American economist Joseph Schumpeter called them "Kondratiev's cycles." In the United States, they met with P. Sorokin, who suggested N. Kondratiev to stay in the United States, but he was captured by the prospects that opened before him at his homeland. Upon returning home, he actively participated in the development of the first promising plan for the development of agriculture.

During the "five -year plan of Kondratyev" - the Russian village was able to recover after the civil war.

Kondratyev advocated the proportional development of industry and agriculture and against taxes and exacerbations unbearable for peasants for the construction of factories and factories. This caused the rejection of the ideologists of industrialization: G. Zinoviev called his concept the "manifesto of the kulak party", with the presentation of I. Stalin, the term "Kondratyevshchina" becomes a symbol of wrecking.

In the year, the situation at the Narkomfin was closed, and in M. N. Kondratyev was arrested, accusing of sabotage in agriculture, "pulling bourgeois methods of planning" and belonging to the mythical "labor peasant party". Chayanov could no longer help him out, since he himself was arrested on the same charges. In August, I. Stalin wrote to V. Molotov: "... I think that the investigation in the Kondratyev, Sadin, Sadyrin must be carried out with all its thoroughness, not in a hurry.

This is a very important thing ... Kondratyeva, lubricated and a couple of perzavians must be shot." Waiting for a trial in Butyrskaya prison, N. Kondratyev wrote the work "The main problems of economic statics and dynamics" published only in the year. In the closed process of the year, he was sentenced to 8 years and sent to the politicalizer to Suzdal.

There, the scientist continued to work on his theory of large cycles, improved her mathematical apparatus. In the conclusion, N. Kondratiev was weakened, lost his vision and hearing, and he had difficulty moving. The scientific work, which makes up the meaning of his life, has ceased.