Biography of Ivan Sytin

A rare collection of poems from the archives of Russia in Paints. From the Palestinian impressions of GG. The future book publisher was born under serfdom on January 25, February 5, his father came from economic peasants and served as a volost clerk. The family constantly needed the most necessary and I had to go to work to the summer Vanyusha. His labor life began at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, where he was not tall, smart and diligent guy helped Skornyak to trade in fur products.

He tried himself in the role of a student of a malarus. Everything changed when Summer Ivan Sytin arrived in Moscow with a letter of recommendation to the merchant Sharapov, who held two trade and books with a letter of recommendation to the merchant Sharapov on September 13. By the happy chance, Sharapov had no place in the fur shop, where the benevolers read Ivan, and from September 14, Ivan Dmitrievich Sytin began his countdown of the time of service to the book.

The patriarchal merchant-Old Board Peter Nikolaevich Sharapov, at that time, the publisher of popular paintings, songs and dream books, became the first teacher, and then the patron of the executive, who did not disdain any black work of the teenager, neatly and diligently performing any assignment of the owner. Only four years later, Vanya began to receive a salary - five rubles a month.

Persistence, perseverance, hard work, the desire to replenish knowledge impressed the elderly master who did not have children. His curious and sociable student gradually became the confidant of Sharapov, helped to trade books and pictures, selected a clear literature for numerous offenses - rustic books, sometimes illiterate and judging about the merits of books on covers.

Then the owner began to instruct Ivan to trade at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, to accompany wagons with popular publications to Ukraine and some cities and villages of Russia. Sytin opened the Lithographic workshop on Voronukhina Gora near the Dorogomilovsky bridge, which gave life to a huge publishing business. The opening of a small Lithograph workshop is considered the moment of the birth of the largest printing enterprise of the MPO "The First exemplary printing house".

The first lithography of Sytin was more than modest - three rooms. At first, print media were not much different from the mass products of the Nikolsky market. But Sytin was very inventive: so with the beginning of the Russo-Turkish war, he began to issue cards with the designation of military operations with the inscription; "For readers of newspapers. Manual" and battal paintings.

The goods were sold out instantly, bringing decent income to the publisher. In the year, lithography went into the property of I. Sytin, and next year he had the opportunity to buy his own house on Pyatnitskaya Street and equip lithography in a new place, to purchase additional printing equipment. Participation in the All-Russian Industrial Exhibition of the Year and receiving a bronze medal for more he could not count on his peasant origin for book exhibits fame.

For four years, he fulfilled in his lithography orders of Sharapov under the contract and delivered printed publications to his bookstore. And on January 1, on the Old Square, Sytin had his own book -trade shop of very modest sizes. Trade went briskly. Hence the Sytinsky popular paintings and books laid in the box began their way to the remote corners of Russia.

Often, authors of publications appeared in the shop, repeatedly visited L. Tolstoy, who talked with offenses, looked at the young master. In February of the same year, the book publishing company I. Books did not differ in high taste at first. Their authors, for the sake of consumers of the Nikolsky market, did not neglect plagiarism, and some works of the classics were “turning over”.

But in the fall of the year, a handsome young man entered the shop in the old square. These were the stories of N. Leskov, I. Turgenev and Tolstoye “than people are alive.” Chertkov represented Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy and offered more substantial books for the people. I released 12 million copies of elegant books with works of famous Russian writers, drawings on the covers of which were performed by artists Repin, Kivlenko, Savitsky and others.

Sytin understood that people need not only these publications, but also others, directly contributing to the enlightenment of the people. In the same year, the first Sytinsky "Universal calendar for a year" appeared at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair. He placed in the calendars of appeal to readers, consulted with them about improving these publications. In the year, Sytin bought a printing house of the publisher Orlov with five printing machines, font and inventory for the publication of calendars, and picked up qualified editors.He entrusted the design to first -class artists, regarding the maintenance of calendars, consulted with L.

Sytinsky "Universal Calendar" reached an unprecedented circulation - six million copies. He also released the tear -off "diaries." The unusual popularity of calendars required a gradual increase in the number of their names: by the year their number reached 21 with the multimillion -dollar circulation of each of them. The case was worshiped, the income of the year Sytin grew up the second bookstore in Moscow on Nikolskaya Street.

In the year with the acquisition of its own printing house and the expansion of lithography on Pyatnitskaya Street, the theme of Sytin editions was replenished with new directions. In the year, a book publishing partnership was established under the company I. d, Sytin with capital of thousands of rubles. The energetic and sociable Sytin became close to the progressive figures of Russian culture, studied a lot with them, making up for the lack of education.

Since the year, he attended meetings of the Moscow literacy committee, which paid a lot of attention to the publication of books for the people. Together with the figures of the public education D. Tikhomirov, L. Polivanov, V. Bekhterev, N. Tulupov and other Sytin, he issues brochures and paintings recommended by the literacy committee, releases a series of folk books under the motto "Pravda", conducts training, and then begins to publish a series "Library for self -education".

Having become a member of the Russian Bibliographic Society at Moscow University, Ivan Dmitrievich took over the expenses for the publication of the journal "Book Science" in his printing house. Society chose I. Sytin as his lifelong member. The enormous merit of I. Sytin was not only in the fact that he released the cheap editions of Russian and foreign literary classics, but also in the fact that he issued numerous visual aids, educational literature for educational institutions and extracurricular reading, many popular science series, designed for various tastes and interests.

With great love, Sytin published colorful books and fairy tales for children, children's magazines. In the year, he acquired, along with the printing house, his first periodical - the magazine "Around the World". The annual production of wholesale and retail catalogs, including in the thematic directions of m, often illustrated, made it possible to widely advertise their publications, provide their timely and qualified sale through wholesale warehouses and bookstores.

Acquaintance of the year with A. Chekhov has a beneficial effect on the activities of the book publisher. It was Anton Pavlovich who insisted that Sytin began to publish a newspaper. In the year, the partnership acquired the Russian Word unpopular to that, changed its direction, in a short time it turned this publication into a large enterprise, inviting talented progressive journalists - Blagov, Amphitheatrov, Doroshevich, Gilyarovsky, G.

Petrov, you. Nemirovich-Danchenko and others. The circulation of the newspaper at the beginning of the 20th century was approaching a million copies. At the same time, I. Sytin improved and expanded his business: he bought paper, new cars, built the next buildings of his factory as he called printing houses on Pyatnitsky and Grassholes. By the year, three buildings were already erected.

Sytin constantly, with the help of associates and members of the partnership, conceived and carried out new publications. For the first time, the release of multi -volume encyclopedias was undertaken - folk, children's, military. In the year, the magnificent publication "Great Reform" was published, dedicated to the lace of serfdom. In the year, the Military anniversary publication "The Patriotic War of the Year and the Russian Society.

In the year - a historical study on the three hundredth anniversary of the Romanov House -" Three Century ". At the same time, the partnership also published such books:" What does the peasant need? The active publishing activity of Sytin often caused the dissatisfaction of the authorities. Increasingly, censorship slingshots arose on the path of many publications, the circulations of some books were confiscated, and the spread of the publisher of free textbooks and reader in schools was considered by the separation of state foundations.

The Police Department on Sytin instructed the "case." And not surprisingly: one of the richest people in Russia did not complain to the power of those who are in power. A native of the people, he warmly sympathized with the workers, his workers and believed that their level of talent and resourcefulness was extremely high, but technical preparation for the lack of a school is insufficient and weak.

Ah, if these workers give a real school! And he created such a school under the printing house. So in the year the partnership established a school of technical drawing and technical affairs, the first release of which took place in the year. When admitted to the school, children were given to children of employees and working partnerships, as well as residents of villages and villages with primary education.

General education was replenished in evening grades. The training and full maintenance of students was carried out at the expense of the partnership. The authorities called the Sytinsky printing house a "aspen nest." This is due to the fact that the Sytin workers were active participants in the revolutionary movement.