Fireslav Biography

Olga Ignatova on December 30 in Petrograd now - St. Petersburg, at the age of 65, the inventor and designer Ognnet Ignatius Kostovich died. By nationality, he was a Serb. Born in Austria-Hungary. In his youth, he lived in the city of Pesht. After graduating from the Higher Technical School and the School of Shipping, he worked in the Trade Fleet - he drove cabinets.

During the Russo-Turkish war. Kostovich commanded the ship "Ada", transporting the Russian landing on the Middle Danube. Having received the title of captain of the Russian fleet, he is from the end of the xg. The author of more than a hundred inventions, Kostovich did not become widely famous, like his contemporaries - Nicola Tesla or Gottlib Daimler. Kostovich owns the ideas about the air torpedo, a telegraph apparatus, as well as the equipment for lifting drowned ships.

And it was this modest man that came up with an submarine, airship, and an internal combustion engine. The submarine project "Kostovich Fish-Lodge" appeared in the year. The submarine for 8 people was with one rowing screw driven by two sailors. In the bow, there was a “throwing pipe”, a prototype of a torpedo apparatus, for a single start of 12 torpedoes using compressed air used for breathing the command.

The project contained many shortcomings and was criticized, mainly due to the lack of a sufficiently powerful engine, designed to tell the boat the necessary speed. Kostovich took the project for revision and seriously engaged in studying the engines that existed in those years. He visited libraries, met with scientists. Once Kostovich heard Dmitry Mendeleev’s report on the projects of the stratostat with a hermetic cabin and airship containing cylinders with compressed air.

The history of aeronautics in Russia fascinated Kostovich so much that already in August he introduced to members of the First Russian Society of Air Fords the Russian airship project. Despite the unsuccessful fate of the airship itself, the fate of the inventions that underwent its basis turned out to be significant. The airship "Russia" twenty years before the German Ferdinand Zeppelin, Ognnev Kostovich constructs a hard air ship - the airship "Russia".

This air ship was built in St. Petersburg at the funds of shareholders and subsidies of the military ministry. In April, the Moscow Vedomosti newspaper reported that the construction of the airship is moving forward quickly and work will be completed by August. Alas, the task was an extremely complex airship. Its body of 5 thousand through the middle of the case passed a vertical mine-pipe, in the lower part of which the crew and passengers were placed.

There was also a machine department. The basis of the airship was a horizontally located circular farm, adjacent inside the cylinder to the soft, silk membrane. From the upper and lower end of the mine, the dressings went to the farm, just as Kostovich himself liked to bring this comparison from the sleeve to the rim of the knitting needle of the bicycle wheel. The farm, mine and robberies gave the entire structure the necessary rigidity, strength and lightness.

On the central axis of the housing, the main shaft, crowned with a four -blade air screw, took place to the stern. The direction of the direction was located, on the contrary, in the bow of the ship. The year went after year, and the work was not visible. In addition to technical difficulties, the matter was also complicated by the fact that Kostovich had to independently construct almost all devices of the airship, mechanisms and devices, many of which were created for the first time.

The biggest problem, on which the success of the entire enterprise depended, was the engine. In August, in the midst of Kostovich’s work on his aircraft, the news came from France: the airship of military engineers Renara and Krebs for the first time in history could fly through a closed curve and return to the starting place. Their ship "La France" was equipped with an electric motor with galvanic batteries.

In response to this, Kostovich decided to supply his aircraft with an internal combustion engine, the creation of which he had been working for several years. The drawing of the airship "Russia". The first engine appeared at their plant at the end of the year. Ognnev Kostovich began developing an internal combustion engine using liquid light fuel per year. In the year, Kostovich made a reduced engine model with two cylinders.

Successful trials gave confidence in the possibility of creating a more powerful motor for airship and for a submarine, the project of which he secondly presented to the Maritime Department in the same year, and at the beginning of the next installed a two -cylinder engine on a boat of his own structure. The sample of the new items allowed to construct a combination of four such engines.

By the year, the engine was built, testing and refinement lasted up to a year. As a result, a strong gasoline internal combustion engine was created. For the first time, Kostovich applied the electric ignition and oncoming movement of the pistons in opposition -located cylinders. Subsequently, many diesel engines were made according to a similar scheme.Also, for the first time, it was proposed to use gasoline as fuel, before that only households used on the farm to remove spots from clothing cosmetologists.

The fuel -heating mixture from the carburetor entered the inlet valves of the cylinders on four pipe through throttle cranes. The ignition is electric, low voltage current using mobile contacts. Cooling of cylinders - water. Lubrication of the rubbing surfaces was carried out with oils. For the uniformity of the engine, a large flywheel was used. It is known that in the year the inventor turned to the Department of Trade and Manufactory, who was in charge of patent affairs, with a petition for the issuance of a ten -year privilege on an “improved engine acting in gasoline, kerosene, oil, light and other gases and explosives”.

Then Kostovich asked patents on his engine in the USA and England, and received them even earlier than in Russia. The Russian privilege of the patent was given to him only on November 4. Kostovich at his motor. Then it meant thin wood sheets of veneer. Kostovich called his material "Arborite" and even built the plant of the same name near St. Petersburg. Its main products were products from Arborite: barrels for wine and kerosene, boxes, chests, suitcases, building parts and even plywood collapsible houses.

Faner Kostovich created a fragmented wood with different components in different proportions. When gluing at least three wood sheets with mutually intersecting directions of the fibers, sheets of Arborite, strong in all directions were obtained. This glue not only fastened the sheets, but also penetrated into all pores of steamed wood, making Arbarit not succumbing to decay, not susceptible to atmospheric moisture and therefore constant in mass.

The recipe for glue-cement has not reached us. The aircraft in the year Kostovich demonstrated his flying models of a helicopter, aircraft and an ornithopter, and in the year began to build a life -size airplane. The construction of the aircraft was not completed, apparently due to the fact that Kostovich’s gasoline engine turned out to be insufficient in power and too cumbersome. The project gave a fundamental circuit of air brakes in the form of sliding vertical plumage, anti -casual chassis, and forced acceleration of the flow under and above the wing.

The hull of the aircraft had the shape of a boat. The engine provided a 4-cylinder, rotating along with a 4-lobed screw. Arbarite was widely used in the aerohydroplan from which the boat, the porch and other parts were made. In the year, Kostovich began working on hydroaeroplane. It was a two -seater two -melting amphibian: the cabin is closed, double control, flat -bottomed float.

Almost everything was made of plywood. The construction was carried out in the gg. The monoplane amphibian Kostovich of the year was a double flying boat. The body of the boat is a flat -bottomed one, the cabin is open, in front of the wing. The wing of a permanent profile, a two -tone with a linen grinder, its scope - about 11 m. The engine with a power of l.

The plane was not finished because of Kostovich's death.