Biography of prominent figures

Beria Lavrenty his life path of serving the regime and, at the same time, the country, became the cast of a complex and tragic, but great time - the period of the birth of a new socialist state in the wreckage of a collapsed empire, its formation and elevation. Childhood and youth Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria was born on March 17 29 in the Georgian village of Merheuli in the family of Megrelian peasants Pavel Beria - and Martha Dzhakeli - the childhood and youth of Lavrenty Beria passed in Georgia and Azerbaijan.

Until 16 years old, he studied in Sukhumi, where he received primary education, then moved to Baku, where he continued his studies at the mechanical and technical construction school. At the same time, Beria worked in the office of the Nobel oil company, providing a family. The period of study by Lavrenty in Baku - occurred during the revolutions and wars. Upon returning to Baku, Beria witnessed the fall of the Baku commune, but remained in the city, continuing his studies and fulfilling responsible instructions of the Bolshevik organization.

In the Caucasus, after the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan in April, Beria went to Georgia to conduct subversive activities against the Menshevik government in Tiflis, but soon underwent. After liberation thanks to the intervention of the Russian envoy S. Kirov, the young man returned to Baku, where the party career of Lavrenty Beria began - at first he served as the manager of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, and in October of the same year he went to work in the Cheka.

From now on, the service in the "organs" became the work of his life. Being a strong administrator, a tireless performer and a clever bureaucrat, taking advantage of the protection of G. Ordzhonikidze, Lavrenty Beria successfully climbed the departmental ladder and in the party hierarchy. In - gg. I. himself drew attention to him by I. repeatedly proved his personal loyalty to him, possessing great experience in operational and managerial work, Beria began to be considered as a good candidate to change the “Iron People's Commissar” of the NKVD N.

The Premier of L. Beria, he marked the end of the “great terror”, but not the termination of the practice of special meetings, illegal arrests, knocking out the recognition for torture fabricated cases, etc. Nevertheless, compared with the times of the "Ezhovshchina", the struggle with the "enemies of the people" under the leadership of Beria seemed to then almost thaw.

Mass cleansing of the party and bureaucratic nomenclature were replaced by pointed ones, many previously detainees were released, which did not exclude cruel crimes. Under his leadership, a wide agent network was created in Europe and America, which carried out a number of high -profile operations - such as the liquidation of L. Trotsky in Mexico on August 20. Since February 3, without leaving the NKVD People’s Commissar, Beria became Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and oversaw several industries of forest, oil, non -ferrous metals.

During the war years with the outbreak of war, L. Beria as part of the State Defense Committee-the Higher Military-Political Body, formed on June 30. Together with G. Malenkov, he controlled the production of weapons and ammunition, aircraft and aircraft engine, while developing the economy in his native department. Of the security officials, the NKVD divisions were formed, which not only ensured order in the rear, but also took an active part in the hostilities, including in the German rear.

But the most famous operation during the war, carried out under the leadership of Beria, was the deportation of some peoples, mainly the Caucasus and Crimea, accused of mass cooperation with the enemy. In the winter-spring year, up to a million Chechens, Ingush, Kalmyks, Crimean Tatars, etc. By the end of the war in the hands of Beria, enormous power was concentrated; He became one of Stalin’s closest associates, received the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

At the end of the war, Beria, remaining the deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers, in December, released the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, but continued to oversee the work of the MGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the year, the People's Commissariat was transformed into the ministries. The main achievement of Beria in the post -war years was the project to create an atomic bomb.

Stalin appointed him responsible for this most important direction, relying on a leading experience, the ability to conduct business. Beria brilliantly coped with the assigned task. For its implementation, a special committee was created, which coordinated the work of the executed extensive network of departments, laboratories, institutes, design bureaus, mines, factories, testing training grounds.

Taking into account the adjaches, more people were involved in the project. Since the summer of the year, the authority and influence of Beria on Stalin have increased even more, and taking into account the frequent diseases of the leader, his role became largely key. The closest player was considered to be the closest player, the closest party associates were wary of him.

Perhaps Stalin felt a threat to his position and in the year inspired the Mingrelian case, directed against Beria. But on March 5, the omnipotent dictator died, and at the head of state a triumvirate was established in the person of N. Khrushchev, G. Malenkov and Beria.The reforms of Beria immediately after the death of the “master” in the country swept a wave of reforms undertaken by its heirs.

Everyone understood that the changes were risen, and the existing state of affairs, including Beria, did not suit. Preserving the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and already on March 5, he returned the post of Minister of Internal Affairs, uniting the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the MGB, he immediately set about transformations.

In the framework of the restoration of “socialist legality”, Beria sent many high -profile cases to a revision - the “case of doctors”, “aviation business” and others. Convicts were rehabilitated on them, and investigators went under arrest. A huge resonance was popularly resonated by the “Berievskaya” amnesty, which was announced on March 27, under which more than a million people who were convicted on criminal and economic articles for up to five years.

However, the effect turned out to be the reverse expected: the cities flooded with a shit, and riots and uprisings outraged by the selective liberation of prisoners broke out in the camps. Liberalization also affected national policy. Beria did not approve of the practice of Russification of the outskirts and initiated the “rootation” of the Union republics. He alone, without consultations with the Politburo, changed the leaders appointed from Moscow in the western regions, first of all, in the Baltic states for representatives of the indigenous peoples.

Such a policy in the future led to federalization and weakening of the power of the Center, therefore, many were considered negatively. In the economic and industrial sphere, Beria objected to the implementation of the plans of “great construction projects”, considering them too expensive and economically unjustified. As a result, the implementation of such ambitious projects as the transpondments, the main Turkmen Canal and the tunnel under the Tatar Strait on Sakhalin stopped.

The foreign policy by the end of Stalin’s life is so inflated that the need for discharge was natural, especially taking into account the general course for the “thaw” taken by the heirs of the leader. In foreign policy, Beria also turned out to be a supporter of the pragmatic concept of the peaceful coexistence of two systems - capitalism and socialism. Despite the post of head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, he vigorously intervened in external affairs.

Beria achieved the beginning of negotiations on a ceasefire in Korea, advocated restoring relations with Yugoslavia, delved into intravenger processes, reflected on the possibility of uniting Germany on the condition of maintaining its neutrality, and discussing the bourgeois prospects of the GDR. At the same time, he instantly suppressed anti -government speeches in Berlin on June 16-24.

This success was the last for him. The arrest, court and execution, if in March-April, Beria, taking into account his capabilities, was perceived by the unspoken leader of the ruling triumvirate, then in May, after active intervention in international relations, and even more in June, after the union republics in the personnel policy, he faced open discontent of his colleagues.

By his actions and decisions, Beria squeezed G. Malenkov as the chairman of the Council of Ministers, V. Molotov as the Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Bulganin - as a Minister of Defense, fully controlling the process of creating a hydrogen bomb. In fact, Beria’s position was not so strong. He had weak support in the party apparatus, was extremely unpopular in the army.

Judging by the surviving evidence, a conspiracy against Beria arose at the end of May. The three main conspirators-Malenkov, Khrushchev and Bulganin-were enlisted by the support of the general, first of all-Deputy Minister of Defense G. Zhukov and commander of the Moscow Military District K. The trial of Beria resembled those Stalinist processes to which the defendant himself had once been directly.

He was accused of anti -state and anti -party activities, branded as a spy, provocateur, agent of imperialism, deprived of all posts, titles and awards. Beria was sentenced to the highest degree of punishment and shot on the same day. According to some researchers, the trial was only a formality, but in reality Beria took death six months before the sentence, immediately after the arrest.

The family and personal life in Tiflis Summer Lavrenty Beria created a family with summer Nino Gegechkori - the girl came from the Megrelian noble family, many representatives of which were involved in the revolutionary movement. In the beginning of the x. The first-born died in infancy, the second son of Sergo-became an engineer-designer in the field of missile systems and radar.

There were many rumors and fables about Beria’s personal life. It is reliably known that after the war from a certain Valentina Lyali Drozdova, he had a daughter of Eteri Marta. Beria was a passionate football lover, was ill for the Moscow and Tbilisi Dynamo, and often visited the stadium. According to the memoirs of Academician P. Kapitsa, one in the fall of the year, right at a meeting of the Special Committee on the development of the Soviet atomic bomb, they announced a break to listen to the radio broadcast on the meeting of the English and Soviet teams.The results of the activity in the biography of Lavrenty Beria reflected all the advantages and vices of the system, the service of which he devoted himself.

Service in punitive bodies, the organization of repressions, deportations and camps intertwined in it with the talent of the organizer and iron will of the curator of the grandiose atomic project. During the process of the year, the name of Beria became a household and ominous, but it is unlikely that he earned all the negative epithets more than those who passed him a death sentence.

Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria is an integral part of his era and our domestic history.