Herzen biography Wikipedia

The exact date and place of shooting are not set. Everyone who saw him converges that he was medium height and full, and Tolstoy even called him a "thick man." Ivan Panaev called his brown eyes “witty” and noticed a “subtle humorous expression at the ends of the lips”. Avdotya Panaeva speaks of his gray eyes and a "imminent, loud voice." Leo Tolstoy, who came to visit Herzen in his London Park-House, saw how the full-time Herzen rolled down the stairs, “like a ball”, and many years later said that he had “internal electricity”.

Many confirmed that Herzen looked like his photographic portraits, but portraits could not convey his "surprisingly living deep eyes, which, illuminating this beautiful face with a high, perfectly defined forehead, gave him special attractiveness." His strange properties were the ability to do without sleep. When the guests left at three in the morning, he went for a walk, walked until the morning and returned to the excellent mood of the spirit to talk, argue, read and write again.

In France, in order to publish a newspaper or magazine, it was necessary to give a bail. Herzen gave the “indomitable gladiator” to the anarchist Pondin 24 thousand francs on the bail for the publication of the newspaper Voice of the People and was a co -editor in prison. Pondin wrote to the newspaper from a prison cell with a window scored to the middle with boards, the newspaper was closed, “my pledge was captured to a penny”, and in the long list of the police presented by the police, why Herzen was subject to expulsion from France, there was participation in the subversive publication.

But closing and expulsion - it was only the beginning, not the end. Starting the matter, he turned to a huge country that was silent, as crushed by the stove: "To be your organ, your free, unquestioned speech - my whole goal." And the country spoke. Materials for his free Russian publications flowed: Russians who went abroad sent him envelopes and packages with documents, pamphlets, exposures, rare historical materials.

The same Russian travelers later imported Herzen's unquestioned publications to Russia. Herzen did not know hundreds or tens of thousands of copies that the modern press was proud of; At the time of the highest popularity, the “bell” had a circulation of specimens, and this was enough to rattle throughout Russia - from the Winter Palace to the Kamoks of the Fucky. The cover of the publication "Bell".

Photo: social networks one memoirist called the "bell" "the highest instance, to which all those who searched the truth appealed." The government forbade the newspaper of the London emigrant, but at the same time carefully read the criticism and exposure that were printed there. The influence of the “bell” reached the point that high dignitaries were touched by its articles.

Irkutsk General Governor Muravyov, who wrote a refutation to one of the articles of the “bell”, was supposed to resort to the protection of the exiled Bakunin in order to publish his answer. It was easy to get to Herzen. His address could be recognized in the bookstore of the Tryubner in the London City. According to the established order, the Trybnee handed over to Herzen a note in which the visitor reported brief information about himself and asked for a meeting.

Often the guest was waiting for a lunch with champagne and fruits and a conversation until the late hour, when the omnibus no longer walks. Then Herzen offered the guest to stay with him for the night. He lured some visitors for lunch with Russian porridge prepared from Russian products that the captain of the Russian ship, admirer and fan of Herzen delivered him. Herzen was a master of conversations, a king of communication.

Tolstoy saw in him a combination of “depth and luster” - an infrequent combination in people. If a writer came to him, he could ask him to read his work aloud - he once listened to five hours in a row, the guest read his project for the liberation of the peasants. And, having listened with the greatest attention to the end, he immediately ordered to send it to a seal in his free Russian printing house.

But he could also be silent, listening to the guests' disputes - about politics, about Russia, about Europe, about philosophy, about religion, about the future, close and distant. One of the memoirists wrote that Herzen watched disputes, how others watch sports. A bottle of champagne was often a satellite of afternoon conversations in his London office. In Russia, until he left her, in the that disappeared near Moscow Sokolov, where he took off the estate for the summer and where his friends came to him, he had a habit of drinking a glass of vodka before dinner.

Once, after a friendly conversation that was drawn after midnight - she’s a half, for they drank a lot and fun - all the vodka was drunk. Herzen, a bright mind, guessed - took the alcohol on which his wife cooked coffee, dripped water. He liked it so much that he more than once drank alcohol with Ivan Panaev. Herzen's house on Tversky Boulevard. Photo: The Moscow Agency Herzen grew up in a house on Tver Boulevard, where his father Ivan Alekseevich Yakovlev and his father’s brother lived, Senator Herzen always wrote - Senator.

Herzen's children's name was a jester. There were sixty servants in the house. Everyone had one thing, not particularly burdensome.One person, for example, heated the newspaper before it was served by Ivan Alekseevich. Well, really, do not read the Barin a cold newspaper! The memoirist remained in the memory of the reception, full lackeys. In the house of Alexander Yakovlev, the nephew of Father Herzen, “we were always met by several servants who had no other lesson, except for smoking tobacco and playing on the torban,” writes another memoirist.

So, moving from one landowner’s house to another, you can gather the whole nation of supposedly busy, but in fact almost nothing of people. Isn't this a way of life under a different name and in other forms passed from century to century and survived to the USSR? But not only people of the lower rank simulated employment, the highest - too. Sushka himself, from the age of eight, was recorded in the Kremlin expedition, never went there, but from time to time the official came to the house on Tversky Boulevard and announced the assignment of another rank to him.

Before the university, that is, until the age of seventeen, a young official without service experience did not know either companies or a wide friendly circle, he lived in his father’s house, in his two small rooms, and knew only relatives and teachers. Of the friends, he had only a cousin and Nick Ogarev. He lived, cut off from the world with thick walls of the mansion, in the heavy atmosphere of the house, where his father everyone called Der Herr and was afraid of him, although he was neither an evil person nor a sadist in the spirit of the landowners-podorov.

But he was a difficult person who for hours read notations by guilty servants. He did not like fresh air and forbade opening the windows in the house. Right from the university bench Herzen went to jail. At night they came after him, the police rummaged in his books, papers and linen. He sat for nine months in Krutitsky barracks, in the old cell, which had gone into the ground, turned into a cell.

Once he lost consciousness from carbon monoxide - he was soldered with horseradish with salt. We will not interpret these words of Herzen expandfully, referring to any prison - he spoke about the one in which he was sitting and where he was allowed to teach Italian, cook coffee in the stove and even once drink a bottle of the beautiful “Johannesberg” with the overseer, disconnecting it with the help of a nail.

Herzen took place in the case of Pirushka, on which the young people drank, danced and sang a mocking song about Emperor Nicholas. It seems that nonsense, trifle, but not that was Nicholas, “soullessly hearty and vengeful” with “tin eyes”: he created an investigative commission to look for a secret society for months. Herzen did not admit anything to any of the many interrogations, did not confess anything, did not give out anyone and never repented, but behaved with the cold daring the courtean’s politeness.

Reproduction of the portrait of Alexander Herzen G. The exact date and place of shooting are not established. Photo: TASS on the way to exile - he rode in the cart along with the gendarme - he almost drowned when the carriage sailed on a holey plank on fifteen miles of the Volga. When the young Herzen went to his first link to Vyatka, it was a league of a master, which, under any circumstances, should not lose dignity and comfort: along with him, in addition to many clothes, things, books, we went a box with the best wines and another with cold pastes.

He was accompanied by his former teacher Sonnenberg, who had the task to furnish a new jewel of a fur coat and equip his life, and Uncle Petr Fedorovich, who had previously drove him to the university for four years. When he returned from exile, he was a barin here - he did not want to live in the same house with his father, even if the house on Tversky Boulevard had several dozen rooms.

Father gave him a house on a Sivtsevo hostility, and there he lived with his wife and little son. A rich man, a millionaire with securities in a portfolio of his portfolio with all his fortune stolen in Naples, but he returned it, taking a walk to the slums, where he spoke with the one that we would call the “leader of the mafia”, familiar with James Rothschild, who helped him return the estates and capital arrested in Russia, and at the same time radical and abruptly extended and abruptly emerged.

The boundaries of the permitted. How far he went, shows, for example, the fact that Princess Khovanskaya, the sister of Father Herzen, called him, twice exiled, a “convict”. Ivan Panaev speaks of the “merciless extreme” of his views and the “gall sarcasm”, which, however, appeared only in the later years. And before that, there was no sarcasm in Herzen - one pure flame of freedom.

There was an irreconcilable contradiction between Herzen and Imperial Russia. He was in words and thoughts wide, she was narrow in her brain, all consisted of some clogging and growths. He was free with all his soul and warehouse of thought, and they climbed to him with his rules and establishments in which he felt hypocrisy and vileness. To accept their rules of life was the same for him that voluntarily pounding in a stuffy box.

He did not want to live like that. With contempt and ice mockery, lines and pages that he wrote about power, its people and orders breathe. He saw them through with an evil grin, and they, too, saw a carbonary in him.Emperor Nikolai - for nothing that he had power over millions of people - was a man of petty revenge and forbade Herzen three times to go abroad. He wrote on his petitions: "Early." What is early?

When, nevertheless, after eleven years of continuous police supervision, Herzen was released, he regretted on the border that he did not demolish the second head of the eagle: “Here is a pillar and a single -headed and thin eagle sprinkled with snow on it ... And that’s good - one head smaller.” The dullness is hollowing, and the trouble is cruelty. How much he saw one and the other where others did not see anything, because they got used to it, have been injured, lost, decomposed.

And he saw the hungry peasants, forcibly resettled in the Tobolsk province and "wandering without food and overnights in Tverskaya Square", saw the eight, ten and thirteen years dressed in soldier overcoats, who were driven by the fleet on the multiplied roads, and they coughing and quietly dying; He did not see anything worse than this. He knew the governor, who, appointing an official for the investigation, told him how the investigation should end, and grief to the official, if not that ended; I saw thieves, embezzlers, rogues, in exile should have been sitting at the same table with four scribes, learned all the wretchedness of their life and souls, the office called the “smoke -sized”, and the officials sitting in them were “wiped”.

And Popov is “spiritual quarter”.