Biography of Medvedev Roy

The Kholm eternal dissident, who almost never walks in the leg, who does not fit with his socialist views either in the communist or neocalistic society, which has always had its own opinion, adequately understood only in the short segment of the “publicity period”, says: “I never cheated on my beliefs or the ideals of youth. In this I see the influence of my father, he managed to squeeze me My commitment to socialism, although my ideas about socialism, of course, changed.

Tbilisi in the family of the Red Army political worker, the brigade commissar, a participant in the Civil War, Alexander Romanovich Medvedev, two twin boys were born, who, according to the tradition that existed at that time, called the unusual "revolutionary" names of Roy and Zhores, in honor of the Gemini's mother, he played the cells, but no one showed on the recognition of Roy himself.

His life and the fate of more influence than his father, although he saw him for the last time in the city Medvedev was a "red professor", a teacher and deputy head of the department of dialectical and historical materialism at the Military-Political Academy named after Lenin, lectured at the University of Leningrad. It is under the influence of his father that Roy early begins to be interested in social sciences, and fascination with philosophy predetermines his life subsequent choice.

From the age of 15, he dreams of engaging in science. Politics briefly into the life of the brothers. Father, having fallen under the flywheel of mass Stalin's repressions, was arrested by a quiet summer night on August 23, sentenced to eight years in prison, Alexander Romanovich died on the Kolyma mines in the spring of G. rehabilitated him in September G. The family had to wander a lot, moving from Moscow first to Leningrad, then to Rostov-on-Don, and then in Tbilisi.

The tragic fate of her father left an indelible mark on Roy's memory, laid out an imprint on his entire future life and activity. The generation of R. Medvedev entered politics early. Already in the classes, Roy is involved in the discussion of political problems. By this time, he was already actively studying political literature in the circle of his only-minded friends, reads Marx, Engels, Kant, Hegel, and in Tbilisi organizes a philosophical and political circle where young people gather for hot discussions about the political reality surrounding them.

When the war began, the brothers Medvedev were 15 years old. Roy extermine graduates from high school, and in January, he happened to serve in the Transcaucasian Military District, in units of the invalid army engaged in the repair of military equipment, the protection of railway and air messages. At the end of the war, he enters the Leningrad State University, where his father taught before the war, Yves, after graduating from the University, Roy Alexandrovich for years works as the director of a rural school in a small village in the northeast of Russia, then from the GG.

During this period, he is actively engaged in science, publishes 2 books and more than 50 articles on pedagogy, defends his thesis on the topic "Productive work of high school students in industry and the problem of production specialization" MGPI im. Lenin, with the city of Roy Medvedev, is a free scientist, "is engaged in research and journalistic activities under the contracts of foreign publishers.

Medvedev enters the party, actively studies Soviet history, and after the XXII Congress of the CPSU begins work on the" main work of his life " - the book" to the court of history: the genesis and consequences of Stalinism. "About what they moved, Roy Aleksandrovich will write to them. The preface to the foreign publication of this book: “It is the Communists who should be the most stringent judges of their own history.

Otherwise, it will be impossible to restore the unity, moral purity and the power of this great movement. ”The book was not conceived as a purely historical work and not as a biography of I. Stalin, but rather as a philosophical and historical understanding of the problem of the genesis and nature of Stalinism. Without access to the state archives, R. Medvedev founded his research on personal evidence, the stories of eyewitnesses of events, and the memoirs of the old Bolsheviks, former political prisoners, prisoners of the Stalinist camps.

The completion of work on the book was at the end of the Thaw ”and the beginning of the Stalin rehabilitation campaign in the public consciousness. At that time, work on the condemnation of the crimes of Stalinism "was an extremely bold step that could not but cause respect" as Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev said. Already at the end of the year. Medvedev becomes obvious that the publication of critical materials about Stalin and Stalinism in the Soviet Union, as well as the philosophical work “Socialism and Democracy” by that time, are impossible.He concludes that their publication abroad for him "although not the best, but the only possible way to continue the struggle to restore historical truth." In these years, the activities of R.

Medvedev have already entered the field of view of party bodies and the KGB. At that time, the “chief” of the KGB Yu. At the same time, the possibility of attracting Medvedev to write work on the period of life of our state under the corresponding party control should not be excluded. The review of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism abounded in a set of stamped phrases, such as “perversion of truth”, “slander on the Soviet social system”, etc.

The Central Committee gave a more stringent assessment of the activities of R. Medvedev rather than the KGB and began a “political affair” against him, which lasted for two years and accelerated in connection with the prepared rehabilitation of Stalin in Medvedev is excluded from the party, replacing the initial formulation “for slanderous activity”, which entailed a criminal article, the other, more “soft” - “for views, unprofitable with views, which are not compensated with the views that are incompatible with views.

membership in the party. " Then the appeals submitted for the "injustice" had no exceptions to the consequences. However, this did not end. After the appearance of materials in the journal "Communist" in defense of Stalin R. Medvedev writes a long critical letter to the editorial office with a statement of his views, which led to unexpected consequences. Soon it "pops up" in the magazine "Sowing", published in West Germany, an anti -Soviet emigrant organization.

Roy Alexandrovich is convinced that that publication was organized by the KGB and party bodies for “provocative purposes”, for further discrediting the writer. Roy Alexandrovich, together with Andrei Sakharov and Valentin Turchin, publish an open letter to the leaders of the Soviet state about the need to democratize the Soviet system. The path to the publication of works in his homeland was finally closed to R.

Medvedev. Remaining in the Soviet Union, Roy Alexandrovich with the help of several acquaintances of the Austrian and Italian Communists, foreign colleagues, Genrich Belle, David Zhuravsky and others and in the GG. The fate of all subsequent works of R. Medvedev is identical: they were destined to see the light first abroad and only since the middle of the X, R. Medvedev became a prominent figure in the “socialist OP position” in the Soviet Union, the representative of the “socialist trend” in the dissident movement that existed along with the “Russian-nationalist” A.

Solzhenitsyn, the “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist” and “nationalist "Religious" Dudko, Yakunin. Characterizing his “current”, Roy Alexandrovich in the “Book of Socialist Democracy” notes the proximity of his positions to the positions of a number of foreign communist parties, primarily Italian, Spanish.

His concept recognized the “Leninism” and the policy of the Bolsheviks under Lenin and did not accept “Stalinism”, which distorted the socialist essence of the Soviet state. At the same time, Medvedev believed that the Soviet system is socialist in its "foundation", but the USSR is not a society of developed socialism, despite the fact that this was precisely what was proclaimed. The famous human rights activist Lyudmila Alekseeva in the book “The History of dissent in the USSR”, evaluating this period, writes: “Prague Spring” was met with ardent sympathy, hopes were assigned to the success of the Czechoslovak experiment.

The expressor of this reformist direction was Roy Medvedev. Both Sakharov and Solzhenitsyn in the years experienced his ideological influence, having personal contacts with him. "Sakharov himself in an autobiographical note in the city of to cg. Medvedev monthly issues a samizdat magazine, which later published in the conditional name" Political Diary ". Each number was printed on a machine with a circulation of no more than 40 copies and did not spread it widely.

They gave only to the “reliable” people by A. Twardowski, A. Sakharov, etc., the magazine had a network of “secret” correspondents and authors in the research institutes of Moscow and even in the CPSU Central Committee, including Evgeny Frolov, a responsible worker in the magazine “Commun” and reflected the attitude to various events in the country and abroad of A. Sakharova, it was a “mysterious publication ..

Publication of the materials of this magazine at New York Times and Washington Post caused the first search in the apartment of Roy Aleksandrovich. In the 10th, Medvedev in the publishing house created by Roem and Zhores abroad in Almanac was a collection of the work of the group of Soviet authors on the problems of Soviet history and modern. Medvedev, about the problems of the Western and eastern eastern Democracy and other authors of the “20th century”, who, according to J.

Medvedev, became “the voice of life, the voice of the struggle for the future” were M. Maksudov, A. Krasikov, A. Zimin, A. Bekhmetyev, N. Pestov, M. Bogin, M. Yakubovich, L. Kopelev, S. Elagin and the activities of the Medvedev brothers in the “20th century” did not go unnoticed In universities, closing the road to further education, developing, according to the father, "a persistent aversion to politics."