Report Biography Tsvetaeva

The latest news biography Marina Tsvetaeva is a Russian poetess, a translator, author of biographical essays and critical articles, rightfully considered one of the key figures in world poetry of the 20th century. Tsvetaevsky creations are filled with expression, fire, bright images to match its author. Many biographers noted the difficult nature of the writer, her changeable nature - but without this there would be no excellent works quoted today.

Tsvetaeva’s childhood and youth was born on October 8 according to the new style of GO, although her birthday celebrated the 9th, on which the Orthodox holiday of the memory of the apostle John the Theologian, significant for Marina Ivanovna, accounted for. A girl was born in Moscow in a family of a professor of Moscow University, the famous philologist and art critic Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev and his second wife Maria Maine, a professional pianist, a student of Nikolai Rubinstein himself.

In Marina, the lord brother Andrei and sister Valery, as well as the native younger sister Anastasia, were in Marina. The creative professions of parents left an imprint on Tsvetaeva’s childhood. Mother taught her playing the piano and dreamed of seeing her daughter as a musician, and her father instilled a love of quality literature and foreign languages. Moreover, when the six-year-old Tsvetaeva began to write poetry, she composed them in all three languages, and most in French.

The future famous poetess began to receive education in Moscow private female gymnasiums, from where she was excluded for the obstinate character, and later studied in boarding houses for girls in Switzerland and Germany. At 16, I tried to listen to the course of lectures on old French literature in the Paris Sorbonne. The literature when the poetess began to publish her poems, she began to communicate closely with the circle of Moscow Symbolists and actively participate in the life of literary circles and studios at the Musaget publishing house.

The first collection of Marina Tsvetaeva called "Evening Album" saw the light of the year. It included creations written mainly in the school years. Pretty quickly the work of the young poetess attracted the attention of famous writers, especially Maximilian Voloshin, the founder of Russian symbolism Valery Bryusov and the husband of Anna Akhmatova Nikolai Gumilyov became interested in it.

In the wake of success, Marina created the first prose article “The Magic in Bryusov’s Poems”. By the way, a rather remarkable fact was that Tsvetaeva published the first books with her own money. Soon her second poetic collection “Magic Lantern” was published. This period of the poetry’s work is remarkable in that it is full of initiations to loved ones and favorite places and was later called specialists “Alexander Tsvetaeva”.

It was then that the writer created the famous cycles “To Akhmatova” and “Poems about Moscow”. During the civil war, Marina was imbued with sympathy for the white movement, although in general she did not approve of the division of the country into conditional colors. At that time, Tsvetaeva wrote poetry for the collection “Swan Stan”, as well as large poems “Tsar-girl”, “Egorushka”, “On the Red Horse” and romantic plays.

After a forced move abroad, the poetess composed two large -scale works - “The Poem of the Mountain” and “The Poem of the End”, which were among its main works. But most verses of the period of emigration were not published. The latter was printed by the collection “After Russia”, which included the works of Marina Tsvetaeva up to a year. Although she never stopped writing. But they didn’t buy poetry, although Marina wrote a wonderful cycle “Mayakovsky”, “black muse” for which the suicide of the Soviet poet, shocked the poetess.

Personal life with her future husband Sergei Efron Muscovite met in the year of her friend Maximilian Voloshin in Koktebel. Six months later, they became husband and wife in the archives preserved photos of the spouses, and soon their eldest daughter Ariadne Efron was born. But Marina was a very fascinating woman, and at different times, other men took her heart. For example, the Russian poet Boris Pasternak, with whom Tsvetaeva had almost summer romantic relations, which did not stop even after her emigration.

In Prague, the poetess began a stormy romance with a lawyer and sculptor Konstantin Rodzevich. Their connection lasted about six months, and then Marina, who devoted the lover of the full of violent passion and unearthly love “The Poem of the Mountain”, voted to help his bride choose a wedding dress, thereby putting an end to a love relationship. Even before emigration, in the year, she met in a literary circle with the poetess and translator Sofia Parkonka.

The ladies quickly found sympathy for each other, which soon grew into something more. Marina devoted her lover the cycle of poems “Friend”, after which their relationship came out of the shadows. Efron knew about his wife’s novel, he was very jealous, arranged scenes, and Tsvetaeva was forced to leave him to Sofia. However, in the year she broke up with the Parnok, returned to her husband and a year later she gave birth to a daughter Irina.The poetess will say about his strange connection later that it is wild to love a woman a woman, but only some men are boring.

Nevertheless, the love of the Parnok Marina described as "the first catastrophe in her life." After the birth of the second daughter, Marina Tsvetaeva ran into a black strip in life. Revolution, husband’s departure abroad, extreme need, hunger. The eldest daughter of Ariadne was very ill, and Tsvetaeva gave the children to the shelter under the guise of orphans in the village of Kuntsevo near Moscow.

Ariadne recovered, but fell ill and at the age of three died. Later, after reunification with her husband in Prague, the poetess gave birth to a third child - the son of George, who was called Moore in the family. The boy was painful and fragile, nevertheless, during the Second World War, he went to the front, where he died in the summer of the year. George Efron was buried in a mass grave in the Vitebsk region.

Due to the fact that neither Ariadne nor George had their heirs, today there are no direct descendants of the great poetess Tsvetaeva. Death in exile Marina and her family lived almost in poverty. Tsvetaeva’s husband could not work due to illness, George was very tiny, Ariadne tried to help financially, embroidering hats, but in fact their income was meager fees for articles and essays that Marina Ivanovna wrote.

The translator called such a financial situation with slow dying from hunger. Therefore, family members constantly turned to the Soviet embassy with a request to return to their homeland. In the year, Ariadne received such a right, six months later Sergey Efron secretly moved to Moscow, since in France he threatened his arrest as an accomplice in a political murder.

After some time, Marina herself with her son officially crossed the border. But the return turned into a tragedy. And if Ariadne after the death of Joseph Stalin, having served over 15 years, was rehabilitated, then Efron was shot in October of the year. When the Great Patriotic War began, a woman with her teenage son went into evacuation to the town of Elabuga on the Kama River.

To get a temporary residence permit, the poetess was forced to get a dishwasher. Her statement was dated August 26, and Go Tsvetaeva committed suicide, hanging in the house where they and George were determined on the wait. Asphyxia caused the death of the poetess. Marina left three dying notes. The first writer addressed her son and asked to forgive, and in the other two, she asked people with a request to take care of the boy.

It is very interesting that when Tsvetaeva was just going to evacuate, in the package of things she was helped by a longtime friend Boris Pasternak, who specially bought a rope to bind things. The man boasted that he took out such a strong rope - “at least hang” ... It was she, according to Mark Slonim, and became the instrument of suicide Marina Ivanovna.

Tsvetaeva was buried in Elabuga, but since there was a war, the exact place of burial remains unclear so far. Orthodox customs do not allow the suicide to catch on, but the ruling bishop can make an exception. And Patriarch Alexy II in the year, on the fly from the day of the death of the poetess, took advantage of this right. The church ceremony was held in the Moscow Church of the Ascension of the Lord at the Nikitsky Gate.

Memory in several cities in several cities - Queen, Feodosia, in the Ivanovo region - museums were opened. In addition to the museum, a monument to the work of the work of Boris Messerer and Kenotaf, on which Marina Ivanovna herself rested on this place, appeared in this place, in addition to the museum. There are sculptural compositions in other cities of Russia, near and far abroad.

Open ”, dedicated to the life of the Russian poetess, in particular the dramatic period when Marina left her daughters in the shelter.