Dargomyzhsky brief biography

By the anniversary of the birth of A. Dargomyzhsky, on the anniversary of the birth of A. Dargomyzhsky, Dargomyzhsky Alexander Sergeevich - Russian composer, whose work had a significant impact on the development of Russian musical art of the XIX century. Dargomyzhsky is considered the founder of a realistic direction in Russian music, whose followers were many composers of subsequent generations.

The researcher of the work of A. Dargomyzhsky A. Lukovkin found that Alexander Dargomyzhsky was born in the village of Voskresenskoye now Arkhangelskoye. His father, Sergey Nikolaevich, was an illegitimate son of the wife of the wealthy landowner Alexei Petrovich Ladyzhensky. In the year, Sergey was taken to be educated by Colonel Nikolai Ivanovich Boucharov, who brought him to his estate Dargomyzhka in the Belevsky district of the Tula province.

So he received a new surname Dargomyzhsky by the name of the estate of his teacher. Mother, nee Princess Maria Borisovna Kozlovskaya, married against the will of her parents. She composed plays for staging on stage. In total, the family had six children. A few months after the birth of the son of Alexander, the family returned from the Tula province to Smolensk. In the Family estate of Solidovo, Alexander spent the first 3.5 years of his life.

Dargomyzhsky received a home, but wide and versatile education, in which poetry, theater, music occupied the first place. Until the age of five, the boy did not talk, his voice formed late remained forever tall and slightly hoarse. In St. Petersburg, the father of Dargomyzhsky received the place of the ruler of the office in a commercial bank and here Alexander began to receive a musical education.

His first piano teacher was Louise Volgeborne, then he began to deal with Adrian Danilevsky. But his real passion was compound, at 10 years old he was already the author of several plays and romances. Neither the teachers of Sasha nor the parents reacted to this hobby. His small piano plays of this period have been preserved. Over the next three years, the teacher of Dargomyzhsky was Franz Schoberlehner.

Having reached skill, Dargomyzhsky began to act as a pianist at charitable concerts and in private collections. At this time, he was also engaged in the famous singing teacher Benedict Tsaybig, and from a year mastered the game on the violin at the fortress violinist Vorontsov, played in quarters, but soon lost interest in this instrument. Creativity in the early period of creativity wrote a number of works for the piano: “March”, “Counterdance”, “melancholy waltz”, “Cossacks” and some romances and songs: “The month in the cemetery”, “I loved you”, “I loved you”, “night marshmallows”, “young man and virgin”, “helicopter”, “tears” burns in the blood.

Desires ". In the year, Dargomyzhsky, in the footsteps of his father, enters the public service and, thanks to hard work and a conscientious attitude to business, quickly begins to move up the career ladder.

In the year, Dargomyzhsky’s acquaintance with Mikhail Glinka took place. According to the notebooks that Glinka received in Berlin from Siegfried Den, the composer began to study harmony, counterpoint and instrumentation. From the “Notes” of Mikhail Glinka: “An excellent pianist, the author of cute romances, and in addition, the wit and soul of the company, young Alexander Dargomyzhsky in St.

Petersburg. Dresses in fashion, even super -modest. Bright vests, catchy ties, appearance, however, are rather nondescript. Moreover, this voice, to the ridiculous, high, complication after Corey transferred in childhood. However, exquisite manners and impeccable French, undoubtedly, give out a noble man in it. Musical abilities are simply amazing, reading, notes, not approaching the piano, completely freely, like a book.

” In Dargomizhsky is working on the opera Esmeralda, which is considered the first serious work of Alexander Sergeyevich. The libretto for her previously created Hugo himself based on the novel “The Cathedral of the Paris Mother of God”, and the translation was Dargomyzhsky. This work was written by the type of French opera. For the first time, the opera was staged in the year on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow.

Despite the good dramatic and musical solution of Esmeralda, the opera after the premiere left the stage and later almost never put it. In the autobiography placed in the newspaper Music and Theater, published by A. Serov in the year, Dargomyzhsky wrote: “Esmeralda lay in my portfolio for the whole eight years. These eight years of vain expectation and in the most boiling years of life lay a heavy burden on all my artistic activity.

At the end of the middle of the 10ths, the composer often comes to the parental estate of Solidonovo, where the mermaid opera works on the work of the same name by Alexander Pushkin. This first Russian opera in the genre of household psychological drama. The premiere of the opera took place in the year in the St. Petersburg Theater Circus. The Miller party was one of F. Chaliapin's most beloved, he often performed Aria from the Mermaid at concerts.

Download the file. In the year, the theater burned down, it stored claviers of operas of Russian composers.And only thanks to the case, the score was not irrevocably lost, two weeks before the fire she was copied before being sent to Moscow to execute the singer Semenova on the benefit. In the year, a new opera theater was opened on the site of a burned-out theater-cycle, called Mariinsky.

During these years, Dargomyzhsky also studied Smolensk folklore, so he included several folk Smolensk melodies in this famous opera. In addition to the "mermaid", the composer used folk motifs of Smolensk region for his popular Russian songs: "Darling Device" and "Frantic". During this period, Dargomyzhsky finally forms the composer’s work method - “intonational realism”.

The main means of creating an individual image served for the Dargomyzh reproduction of the lively intonations of human speech in the 40s, the composer was written in romances and songs: “You will forget me soon”, “I am sad”, “and sad”, “oh, quiet, quiet, tikh”, “I will rub the candle”, “Crazy, without reason”, etc. From the ”composer composer He worked on the causally vocal works “I remember deeply”, “how often I listen”, “proudly we parted”, “what is in my name”, “I don’t care”.

The oriental lyrics, presented earlier than the romance "Vertograd" and "Eastern romance", was replenished with Ariya "Oh, Virgo Rose, I'm in the Ober." A special place was occupied in the work of the composer of the song of socially domestic content “Old Corporal”, “Titular Advisor”. From the memoirs of Chaliapin about his visit to Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy: “I sang several things, including the Dargomyzhsky song“ Old Corporal ”.

On the contrary, Lev Nikolaevich sat me, putting both hands behind the belt of his blouse. When I spoke with tears the last words of the shot soldier-God forbid, to return to you, Tolstoy took out his hand from behind his belt and wiped two tears rolled out of him. ” In after the abolition of serfdom, Alexander Sergeyevich became one of the first landowners who freed the peasants, leaving the land behind them without levying a cash payment.

In the years, the second trip of Dargomyzhsky abroad took place, where he visited Berlin, Leipzig, Brussels, Paris, London. The composer’s works on the European stage were performed - “Little Russian Cossack”, an overture to the opera “Mermaid”. In the year, Dargomyzhsky is elected to the leadership of the newly -founded Russian musical society, he meets a group of young composers, the central figure among whom was Miles Balakirev and critic Vladimir Stasov, this group will later become a “mighty bunch”.

At this time, Dargomyzhsky conceived to write a new opera, the composer’s choice stops at the third of the “little tragedies” A. Pushkin "Stone Gost" and in the year he gets to work. In the "Stone Gost" there is no its own libretto, the music is written directly on the text of the poet. Work on the opera goes enough, slowly and the composer does not have time to finish it.

According to the authority of the author, Caesar Kui, orchestral, orchestral of the opera, and made up to it Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov. The opera is written in innovative style for those times. There are neither arias nor ensembles in it, not counting the two small inlet romances of Laura, it is entirely built on “melodic recituctions” and the recitation laid to music.

As the goal of choosing such a language, Dargomyzhsky set not only a reflection of “dramatic truth”, but also artistic reproduction with the help of the music of human speech with all its shades and bends. Without a "stone guest" one cannot imagine the development of Russian musical culture. The premiere of the "Stone Guest" took place three years after the death of Alexander Sergeyevich.

Dargomyzhsky wrote 4 operas: Esmeralda, Vach’s Trilate, Mermaid, Stone Gost and near romances and songs. The chamber-vocal works of Dargomyzhsky are very successful. His early romances are sustained in the lyrical spirit, composed in the years - are influenced by Russian musical folklore. Subsequently, this style will be used in the romances of P. Late romances are filled with deep drama, passion, truthfulness of expression, thus appearing the harbingers of M.'s vocal work in a number of works, the composer’s comic talent appeared: “Chervyak”, “Titular Advisor”, etc.