Biography of Pirogov Surgeon

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov - a brilliant mind and the incomprehensible scientific intuition of Pirogov was so ahead of time that his impudent ideas, for example, an artificial joint, seemed fantastic even the world's surgery.

Those simply shrugged, made fun of his thoughts, which led so far in the 21st century. Nikolai Pirogov was born on November 13 in Moscow, in the family of a treasury official. The Pirogov family was patriarchal, established, strong. Nikolai was the thirteenth child in her. In childhood, the famous Kolya was impressed in Moscow to the same extent as Mudrov, Dr. Efrem Osipovich Mukhin - Mukhin began as a military doctor even under Potemkin.

He was the dean of the department of medical sciences, by the year he wrote 17 treatises on medicine. Dr. Mukhin treated his brother Nikolai from a cold. He often visited their house, and always, on the occasion of his arrival, a special atmosphere arose in the house. Nikolai liked the fascinating manners of Aesculapius so much that he began to play with his family in Dr.

Mukhin. Many times he listened to everyone with his homemade tube, coughing and, imitating the Mukhinsky voice, prescribed medicines. Nikolai began to play so much that he really became a doctor. What! The famous Russian surgeon, teacher and public figure, creator of the Russian School of Surgery. Nikolai received initial education at home, later studied in a private boarding house.

He loved poetry and wrote poems himself. In the boarding house, Nikolai spent only two years instead of the set for four years. His father went bankrupt, there was nothing to pay for training. On the advice of Professor Anatomy E. Mukhin, the father with great difficulty “straightened” in the document age Nikolai had to “smear” from fourteen to sixteen years. The University was accepted at Moscow from the age of sixteen.

Ivan Ivanovich Pirogov managed to time. A year later, he died, the family began to beggarly. Pirogov’s student years proceeded during the reaction period, when the preparation of anatomical drugs was prohibited as a “godly” case, and anatomical museums were destroyed. At the end of the university, he went to the city of Derpt Yuryev to prepare for a professor’s rank, where he was engaged in anatomy and surgery led by Professor Ivan Filippovich Moyer.

With his data, he denied the presentation of the famous English surgeon A. Cooper about the causes of death during this operation. In the years, Pirogov was in Germany, where he continued to study anatomy and surgery. In the year, he was elected professor at the Sorptus Surgery Department of Tartus University. In the year, his monograph “On the Transet of the Achilles of the tendon as an operational-orthopedic treatment agent” was released.

Pirogov conducted more than eighty experiments, studied in detail the anatomical structure of the tendon and the process of its fusion after the interruption. He used this operation to treat clubfoot. At this time, Nikolai Ivanovich lived on the left side of Litein Prospekt, in a small house, on the second floor. In the same house, in the same entrance, on the second floor, opposite his apartment, a contemporary magazine was located, in the editorial office of which N.

Chernyshevsky and N. Dr. Pirogov went to the Caucasus to the Caucasus to the army, where, during the siege of the aul, for the first time in the history of surgery, he applied air for anesthesia in the field. In the year he took part in the defense of Sevastopol, where he proved himself not only as a clinicist surgeon, but primarily as the organizer of the provision of medical care to the wounded; At this time, for the first time in the field, he used the help of sisters of mercy.

Upon returning from Sevastopol in the city of Kyiv training districts. However, in the year for the ideas progressive at that time, ideas in the field of education were dismissed from this post. In the years, he was sent abroad as the head of young scientists sent to prepare for a professorship. Upon returning from abroad, he settled on his estate, the village of Vishnya is now with.

Pirogovo, near the city of Vinnitsa, where he lived almost unchanged. Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov found another idea that all the variety of surgical techniques was reduced to three basic rules: "... the soft parts of the cut, the hard drank, where it flows - bandage there." He revolutionized surgery. His studies laid the foundation for the scientific anatomical and experimental direction in surgery; Pirogov laid the foundations of military field surgery and surgical anatomy.

The merits of Nikolai Ivanovich to the world and domestic surgery are huge. In the year, he is elected a member, a correspondent of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. His works nominated Russian surgery to one of the first places in the world. Already in the first years of scientific, pedagogical and practical activity, he harmoniously combined theory and practice, widely using the experimental method in order to clarify a number of clinically important issues.

He built practical work on the basis of thorough anatomical and physiological surveys.In the years, the work “Surgical anatomy of arterial trunks and fascia” published the work; This study laid the foundations of surgical anatomy and determined the ways of its further development. Paying great attention to the clinic, he reorganized the teaching of surgery in order to provide each student with the possibility of practical study of the subject.

Pirogov paid special attention to the analysis of errors in the treatment of patients, considering the practice the main method of improving scientific and pedagogical work in-published two volumes of “clinical annals”, in which he criticized his own mistakes in the treatment of patients. In the year, according to the Pirogov project, the first anatomical institute was created at the Medical and Surgical Academy, which allowed students and doctors to engage in applied anatomy, exercise in the production of operations, as well as conduct experimental observations.

The creation of a hospital surgical clinic, anatomical institute allowed Pirogov to carry out a number of important studies that determined further ways of surgery. Attaching special importance to the knowledge of the anatomy by doctors, Pirogov in the year published “anatomical images of the human body, prescribed mainly for judicial doctors”, and in the year “anatomical images of the outer species and the position of organs consisting in the three main cavities of the human body”.

After the death of his wife, Ekaterina Dmitrievna Berezina, Pirogov twice wanted to marry. By calculation. He did not believe that he could still love. The wife, leaving Pirogov of two sons, Nikolai and Vladimir, died in January of the year, twenty -four years old, from postpartum illness. In the year, Nikolai Ivanovich finally fell in love and married. Four months before marriage, he bombarded the bride with letters.

He sent them several times for the day - three, ten, twenty, forty pages of small harmonious handwriting! He revealed his soul, his thoughts, views, feelings. Not forgetting their “thin sides”, “irregularities of character”, “weaknesses”. He did not want her to love him only for "great deeds." He wanted her to love him as he is. While he was preparing for a wedding with the nineteen -year -old Baroness Alexandra Antonovna Bistrum, his mother, his mother died.

The method of Pirogov “Ice Sculpture” is known. Yes, this smile will be forgiven the author: it is forbidden to read the further maniacs so that it does not become a guide to action. Having set the task - to find out the forms of various organs, their mutual arrangement, as well as their displacement and deformation under the influence of physiological and pathological processes, pies developed special methods of anatomical research on a frozen human corpse.

Consistently removing the tissue with a chisel and a hammer, he left the organ or their system that interested him. In other cases, a specially designed saw of pies made serial cuts in the transverse, longitudinal and anteroposterior directions. As a result of the studies, he created an atlas “Topographic anatomy, illustrated by cuts carried out through a frozen human body in three directions”, equipped with an explanatory text.

The indicated work brought Pirogov world fame. In the atlas, not only a description of the topographic ratio of individual organs and tissues in various planes was given, but the value of experimental studies on the corpse was first shown for the first time. Pirogov’s works on surgical anatomy and operational surgery laid scientific foundations for the development of surgery. An outstanding surgeon, which had a brilliant operations technique, was not limited to the use of surgical access and techniques known at that time; He created a number of new methods of operations that bear his name.

The bone -plastic amputation of the foot he proposed for the first time in world practice marked the beginning of the development of bone -plastic surgery. Pathological anatomy did not go unnoticed by Pirogov. His well -known labor “pathological anatomy of the Asian cholera” Atlas G. The rich personal experience of the surgeon received by Pirogov during the wars in the Caucasus and in the Crimea, allowed him to develop a clear system of organizing surgical assistance to the wounded in the war for the first time.

The operation of the ulnar joint resection developed by Pirogov contributed to a certain extent restriction of amputations. In the "Principles of General Military Field Surgery ..." in the city as a clinician of Pirogov was exceptional observation; His statements regarding the infection of the wound, the values ​​of the miasm, the use of various antiseptic substances in the treatment of iodine tincture, a solution of chlorine lime, silver nitrogen, are essentially a anticipation of the work of the English surgeon J.

is great the merit of Pirogov in the development of pain relief issues. In the year, less than a year after the discovery of etheric anesthesia by the American doctor W. Morton, Pirogov published an exceptional experimental study on the study of the effect of ether on the animal organism "anatomical and physiological studies on eaterization." He proposed a number of new methods of etheric anesthesia of intravenous, intraceptic, direct -skinned, created devices for "Ethics".

Along with the Russian physiologist Alexei Matveevich Filomafitsky -, a professor at Moscow University, he made the first attempts to explain the essence of anesthesia; He indicated that the narcotic substance has an effect on the central nervous system and this effect is carried out through the blood, regardless of the ways of its introduction into the body.

At seventy years, Pirogov became quite an old man. Cataract closed the joy of clearly seeing the colors of the world. In his face, swiftness and will still lived. There were almost no teeth. This prevented us from talking. In addition, a painful ulcer on a solid palate tormented. The ulcer appeared in the winter of the year.