Chapeka biography

Its talent combines a thin comedian and a merciless satirist, a thoughtful psychologist and a soulful poet. His Peru owns dramas, novels, stories, essays, travel notes. Chapek's works are very peculiar and often do not fit into the framework of traditional genres. Comedy is combined with exciting lyricism, fantastic and adventure plots - with satirical paintings of reality. A great love for man and pain for the disorder of modern society lived in the writer's heart.

The conflicts of many of his works are based on the contradiction between the capabilities of human genius and the use of great discoveries to the detriment of man. The top of Chapek's work is his anti -fascist works of the second half of the 10ths, which sounded as accusing the entire bourgeois world. Karel Chapek was born into the family of a doctor in a small Czech place of Male-Svatonovitsa, located in the north-east of the Czech Republic, in the foothills of Krkonosh.

In the past, this area was the area of ​​patriarchal agriculture, a artisanal craft and peasant uprisings. But by the end of the 19th century, she changed her appearance. Industrial enterprises that supply products to many countries of the world have grown here. The Czech Republic of the 20th century, drawn into intensive trade and industrial relations of international capital, was unlike the former Czech Republic of the times of the Bozhena Nemtsova.

The new era, associated with acute contradictions, crises, wars, brought to literature new problems, which largely determined the nature of Chapek's work. Chapek began to write back in his student years, when he studied at the University of Sorbonne. At this time, he rotated in circles of anarchically -minded youth, which longed for active intervention in life. This resulted in hobbies with ultra -steering trends in art, which was reflected in the early works of Chapek, created by him together with his brother Joseph, later a well -known Czech artist.

The brothers' literary experiments were embodied in the collections: “Shining depths”, “Krakonosh Garden” The first significant works of Karel Chapek entered the collections of stories “Crucifixion” and “painful stories” - published in the year. These works reflect the impressions of wartime.

The romantic enthusiasm and poetic love of the student years replaced the bitter feelings and thoughts of the contemporary of the first in the history of World War II. The young writer painfully searches for the root cause of everything that is happening and comes to disappointing conclusions for himself: what is good for one - the tragedy for the other.

Through the collection, the idea that everyone is right in its own way passes in a red thread. Chapek is tormented by the idea that the laws of life, good, evil, the riddles of human misfortunes are an inaccessible secret to a person. In the year, the first dramatic work of Chapek saw the Light - the play “Robbers”. The idea was born with the writer back in the year and worried him for almost a decade.

The play showed a direct contrast with Chapek's stories. The play is a poetic memory of student life, about youth and love, living in the soul of the writer, like a bright ray, during the First World War. The next work is the drama "R. The appeal to these problems was dictated by reality itself. Even in the introduction to the book “The Krakonosh Garden”, the Chapeki brothers recalled their childhood: “If you ran so many times through the black dust of the working quarters, while possessing normal vision and hearing, then no one will convince you that there are little poverty, vices, mud and horrors in the world.

There are so many of them that there are not enough words to tell about it. And nearby you saw, just as often and close, millionaires, arrogance, strength and wealth. ” This contrast intensified during the war years, and the first years of the existence of the Czechoslovak Republic, which arose on the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, only strengthened these contradictions.

Then the Great October Revolution followed. Many Czech writers gained a clear perspective at this time in the ideals of scientific socialism. Chapek did not enter them. He was a skeptic. The play "R. The fantastic plot is based on the scientific discovery, the invention allows him to reveal the logic and the essence of certain social phenomena in the grotesque-hyperbolic form.

He brings to a fantastic scale certain features of reality, so they come up with special clarity. A certain scientist managed to get an artificial way to live protoplasm, others - to create a creature that looks like a person, but differs from him as a number of qualities that turned this creature into a living machine. Enterprising industrialists establish the mass production of these robots.

Robots replace people in almost all areas. People stop working, morality falls. It comes, in the words of one of the heroes of the play, "a continuous crazy cattle orgy." In the end, robots rebel and destroy people. But the human race resumes in robots who have known the secret of love. And on earth again the era of Adam and Eve sets in. Subsequent works of Chapek of the 10ths are also marked by criticism of the existing system.In the year, the Chapeki brothers wrote the comedy “From the Life of Insects”, where the world of parasites as a world of worthless insects is depicted in a satirical form.

Another philosophical question that worries the writer is the issue of life and death. In the Middle Ages, one physician managed to invent a means of prolonging a person life for centuries. But the heroine, who has lived years, remaining young, gets tired of life and loses interest in her. Secretly, she envies simple mortals. Centuries filled her soul with an icy cold.

What is it for a century to be a slave, knit stockings or serve as a college registrar? The first large works of Chapek in prose were the novels “The Factory of the Absolute” and “Krakat” the main problem raised in them is the social consequences of technological progress. The novel "Krakatit" is written in a different way. In it, psychological analysis prevails, sometimes very complicated.

He reveals the drama of the inventor, who created the powder of a huge explosive force, the inventor and the old man - the past and the future. The main question is: where is humanity going? In years, Chapek begins his travels to European countries. The impressions of the trips formed the basis of his way notes: “Letters from Italy”, “Letters from England”, “Walk to Spain”, “Pictures of Holland”, “Travel to the North” - about the journey through Scandinavia.

In the years, Chapek returns to the works of a large plot genre. His novels “Gordubal”, “Meteor” and “Ordinary Life” come out. The author conceived them as a kind of trilogy with different subjects, heroes, which is united by only a general plan - there are as many truths as points of view. The novel is a brilliant and versatile satire on capitalist reality and international policy of the 10ths.

The basis of the plot is a fantastic story of “humanization” of one type of salamander, which was discovered in the Indonesian islands. The history of the “Salamander development” is a satire on the colonization of the East. Climbing the “steps of civilization”, salamanders copy the social relations of the bourgeois world and create their underwater state.

Subsequently, the story of the Salamander is a satire on German fascism. The war of the Salamander with humanity symbolizes the intransigence of fascism and humanity. An outstanding anti -fascist work is the drama “White Disease” in “White illness” already sounds the topic of the need to combat fascism, so far only in the preface. But in the play “Mother”, the struggle against fascism is affirmed as a feat, a direct call to the struggle sounds!

The last period of Chapek's life was marked by his active struggle against Hitlerism. Having joined the International Association of Writers in Protection of Culture, Chapek became a prominent figure in the anti -fascist movement in Czechoslovakia. The Munich conspiracy of the year gave Czechoslovakia to be torn to pieces by the fascist aggressor.

Chapek was heavily worried about the tragedy of his country. Experiences exacerbated his illness. The death of the writer was accelerated and profane. Chapek died in December. His brother, the author of wonderful anti -fascist cartoons, died in one of the concentration camps shortly before the end of the war.